【摘要】 目的:了解胚胎干细胞作为种子细胞治疗糖尿病的应用前景以及诱导分化为胰岛细胞的相关研究概况。资料来源:应用计算机检索NCBI Pubmed数据库1980-01/2006-04关于胚胎干细胞诱导分化为胰岛细胞研究的文章,检索词为"embryonic stem cells,beta cells,insulin secreting cells",并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索CNKI数据库1980-01/2006-04关于胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化的文章,检索词为"胚胎干细胞,胰岛细胞,胰岛素分泌细胞",并限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。纳入标准:!论据可靠的实验文章。#观点明确、条理清晰、信息量好的综述性文章。$文献主题与本课题相关的文章。排除标准:论据不充分、设计不合理、结论不可靠的实验性文章,观点模糊的综述性文章。资料提炼:共检索到40篇相关文献,30篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的10篇为内容陈旧或重复。符合纳入标准的30篇文献中,分别涉及胚胎干细胞治疗糖尿病的应用前景、胰腺发育过程相关调控机制、应用各种诱导因子和基因方法对胚胎干细胞进行调控的实验方法、对诱导分化的胰岛细胞进行功能检测等内容。资料综合:糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的疾病之一,胰岛细胞移植是治愈糖尿病的可能方法,但由于胰岛细胞数量有限,不能满足临床需要,人们开始寻找胰岛细胞的可替代资源。胚胎干细胞具有广泛的功能,可以被诱导分化为各种组织细胞,用于各种疾病的治疗,因此胚胎干细胞成为人们研究的首选种子细胞。首先对胚胎干细胞进行培养鉴定,然后通过各种方法对其进行诱导分化,主要有两种分化方案:①可以通过加入各种诱导因子,使其朝人们所期望的方向分化。②利用基因工程技术,将胰腺发育过程中调控其发育的各种基因转入细胞,可将胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化为胰岛细胞,提高了诱导分化的可调控性。除胰岛细胞外人们还对其他细胞进行了相关研究,以期能得到更多的可供利用的资源。结论:胚胎干细胞具有全能性,理论上可以发育为各种组织细胞,人们已经通过各种诱导因子和基因调控方法将其诱导为胰岛细胞,并且证明这种诱导的细胞可以维持糖尿病鼠血糖及体重的稳定,但由于微环境因素影响,要将起大量诱导分化为胰岛细胞仍需要更多的实验研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perspectives of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as seed cells for diabetes and the research advancement of inducing ESCs to differentiate into beta cells. DATA SOURCES:An online search of NCBI Pubmed database was undertaken to identify English articles about inducing ESCs to differentiate into beta cells published between January 1980 and April 2006 by using the of "embryonic stem cells,beta cells,insulin secreting cells". Simultaneously, CNKI database was undertaken to identify the Chinese relevant articles published in the same period with the same key words. STUDY SELECTION: The data were checked firstly, and citations of each article were checked. Inclusive criteria:①original and reliable experiments articles, ②well analyzed review articles with clear opinion, order and enough information, and ③articles with close relationship with the topic. Exclusive criteria:Experimental articles with insufficient evidence, unreasonable design and questionable decision and reviews with obscure opinions were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION:Totally 40 articles were selected, and 30 met the inclusive criteria. The 10 excluded articles were with old or repetitive content. The 30 articles were about the perspectives of ESCs for diabetes, relevant regulation during pancreatic gland development, empirical methods for ESCs regulation with various kinds of inducing factor and gene techniques, and functional detection on inducing ESCs to differentiate into beta cells. DATA SYNTHESIS:Diabetes had been seriously threatening human health, and islet cell transplantation was a possible method that could cure the diabetes, however there was not enough islet resource so that people started to look for other vicariousness resource of islet cells. Because of general functions and differentiation, ESCs that were used in treating many diseases had become the most important seed cells. To cultivate and identify the ESCs, then all kinds of methods were used to induce it to differentiate into islet cells. Presently there were two schemes: ①using some inducing factors as so to differentiate into the expectable type, ②using gene techniques, by transfecting some genes, which regulated and controlled the pancreas development, and it could improve the inducing impossibility. Except islet cell, people had studied many other cells so as to obtain more other utilized cells for diabetes. CONCLUSION:ESCs display the ability to differentiate in vitro into a variety of cells lineages, so can be induced to differentiate into beta cells by many inducing factors and gene techniques. It has been improved that these cells can correct hyperglycemia and restore body weight. However, because of microenvironment, a large number of ESCs differentiations into beta cells still deserve more researches.更多还原