【摘要】 预警是现代社会减轻自然灾害的工作中最重要的物理概念之一,也是在预测/预报的物理问题没有得到解决的情况下最具实际意义的技术之一.文章介绍了与预警有关的概念和物理问题,包括预报和预警的概念,现地预警和异地预警,讨论了不同领域的预警技术中共同的物理问题,包括“有限传播”原理、“连锁效应”原理、“相似放大”原理,以及实际工作对预警系统的主要技术要求.更多还原

【Abstract】 Early warning is one of the most important physical concepts in the reduction of natural disasters for modern society.Prediction/forecast face intrinsic difficulties in physics,so early warning plays a most critical role in practical applications for sustainability.We review the basic concepts and physics of early warning,including the difference between prediction/forecast and early warning,front detection early warning and on-site early warning,and the common physical problems of early warning systems in different fields-finite propagation,the ripple effect,and scaling,as well as the main technical requirements of practical early warning systems.更多还原