【摘要】 分析或批判的历史哲学的兴起,一方面批判了思辨的历史哲学,另一方面将历史哲学研究的重点从解释历史的性质转移到解释历史知识的性质上来。这极大地推进了史学理论的发展,也为历史学确立了更为稳固的根基。德国历史哲学家狄尔泰、文德尔班、李凯尔特继承德国历史主义传统,从文化科学与自然科学相异的角度来分析历史知识的性质;克罗齐、柯林武德也遵循了这个传统。分析学派罗素、波普尔、亨佩尔等人,则从语言逻辑的角度来分析理解历史的方式和历史知识的可能性。这两个方向共同构成了20世纪西方历史哲学的主流,进一步深化了人们对自我的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rising of western analytic or critical philosophy of history in the 20th century criticizes speculative philosophy of history on the one hand,it changes its own emphasis of studying from explaining the nature of history to the nature of historical knowledge on the other.This promotes the development of theory of history greatly,and provides a more stable basis for historiography.German philosopher Dilthey,Rickert,Winderband,succeeding German historicism,on the view of recognizing the difference between culture science and natural science,analyze the nature of historical knowledge.Croce and Collingwood take the same tradition.Analytic school,such as Russel,Popper,Hempel etc.takes the view of linguistic and logic to analyze the way of understanding history and the possibility of historical knowledge.Those two directions become the main trends of philosophy of history in 20th century and deeply promote people’s self-cognition.更多还原