【摘要】 由于稠油的胶质、沥青质含量高,密度大,黏度高,油-水界面膜牢固,因此高稠油脱水技术难度大。采用常规稠油脱水法,破乳剂使用量大、分离时间长。采用添加海水稀释的微波辐射法解决了这一难题。由于海水中含有丰富的无机盐,大大增强了体系吸收微波的能力,而且,受微波作用而强烈震动的无机离子能有效打破油-水界面膜,促进分散水相的聚结。笔者首先考察了分别由海水和淡水配制的水质量分数分别为20%、40%、60%的W/O乳状液在微波辐射下的温度与脱水率的关系。在此基础上,采用淡水配制了水质量分数分别为20%、50%的W/O乳状液,分别添加不同体积的海水稀释后进行微波辐射脱水,考察了辐射时间和海水添加量对脱水率的影响。并与添加淡水的油样脱水效果进行了比较。结果表明,对于20 g含水质量分数分别为20%、50%的油样,当海水添加量分别为14、10 ml,辐射时间分别为6、3 min时,脱水率分别达到了92.03%、97.26%。该方法无需任何添加剂,具有高效、节能、环保的优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dehydration of high-viscosity crude oil was difficult because of it’s high content of resin and asphaltene.In conventional methods large amount of demulsifying agent was often required and the settling time was long.By the method of microwave radiation and addition of seawater into sample,good dehydration efficiency was obtained.There are plenty of inorganic ions in the seawater and,as a result,the system containing seawater could absorb plentiful microwave energy.At the same time,the oil-water interfacial film can be broken by the vibration of these ions,accelerating the water aggregation.The relationship of temperature and hydration rate of the emulsion samples containing 20%,40%,60% mass fractions of water,respectively,was investigated,in which the added water could be seawater or fresh water.Based on the investigated relationship,the W/O emulsions containing 20%,50% fresh water were prepared and then diluted with different volume of seawater.The influences of exposure time and the pressure of the system on the dehydration rate were studied and compared with that of the sample diluted by fresh water.The results showed that for 20 g of the emulsions containing 20% and 50% fresh water,after addition of 14 and 10 ml seawater the dehydration rates could be up to 92.03% and 97.26% under the radiation time of 6 and 3 min,respectively.There is no any additive needed in this method,but the characteristics of high-efficiency,non-pollution and energy-saving is obvious.更多还原