【摘要】 为了有效地管理枣树害虫,2004年在太谷地区对不同处理的间作牧草枣园的害虫与天敌群落优势种的演替与IPM决策进行了系统的研究,结果表明:间种牧草枣园天敌明显大于(P<0.05)未间种牧草的枣园,种草综合防治园天敌明显大于(P<0.05)种草常规防治园;在枣树不同发育阶段,种草不防治区害虫群落的参数明显大于(P<0.05)未间种牧草的枣园,但丰富度与优势度参数则是未间种牧草的枣园明显(P<0.05)大于间种牧草枣园;天敌群落的参数是间种牧草枣园明显(P<0.05)大于未间种牧草的枣园,种草综合防治区明显大于(P<0.05)种草常规防治区。不同处理枣园天敌群落优势种对前二个主分量的负荷值,间种牧草枣区明显(P<0.05)大于未间种牧草的枣区,而枣园害虫群落优势种则是未间种牧草枣区明显(P<0.05)大于间种牧草的枣区。就天敌与害虫优势种的时空二维生态位宽度和重叠而言,不同发育阶段的枣园害虫的时空二维生态位平均宽度之间没有明显差异(P>0.05),天敌优势种的时空二维生态位平均宽度是种草枣园明显(P<0.05)大于未种草枣园;不同发育阶段种草枣园天敌与害虫优势种的时空二维生态位平均重叠程度明显(P<0.05)大于未种草枣园;种草园天敌的累计贡献率高于70%的平均指数值明显(P<0.05)大于未种草园,而未种草园害虫的累计贡献率高于70%的平均指数值明显(P<0.05)大于种草园,且不同发育阶段也在不同处理枣园有明显差异(P>0.05)。可见枣园IPM的实施应采取阶段性对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 To understand the Dominant species Succession of Community of natural Enemies and Pests at Jujube fields Intercropped with Herbage and IPM Strategies of orchards,a systematic survey was made at the four different treatments of jujube fields located 2.5 km west of Taigu(111°32′E,37°26′N,781.9 m elevation),Shanxi Province in 2004.The three treatments of the four different treatments of jujube fields were intercropped with herbage(Lotus comiculotus),and the other one wasn′t intercropped with any herbage.Trees were 10 years old and in full fruit production,with a height of 5 m and a shading-degree of 0.4-0.6.In each of the four different treatments of jujube fields,five trees were chosen according to the chessboard sampling method to monitor the population dynamics of the predacity enemies and pests.The trees were monitored every 10 days from March 10th to September 30th.Each of four treatments was replicated three times.The natural enemies and pests were distinguished based on their taxonomy.Abundance,diversity indices of natural enemies and pests community,principal component of dominant species,and breadths and overlap of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niches of dominant species were used to analyze and compare the successions of natural enemies and pests at the four different treatments of jujube fields.IPM strategies of jujube orchards were exploded.The systematic survey showed that significantly more(P<0.05) natural enemies were observed at jujube field intercropped with herbage than jujube field without herbage.Significantly more(P<0.05) natural enemies were found at integrated pest management jujube field intercropped with herbage than conventional pest management jujube field intercropped with herbage.In different developing periods of jujube trees,significantly more(P<0.05) family,species,indices of diversity and evenness of pests were found at jujube field intercropped with herbage than at jujube field without herbage.However,significantly bigger(P<0.05) dominant degree and individuals of pests were at jujube field without herbage than jujube field intercropped with herbage.Significantly bigger(P<0.05) family,species,indices of diversity,and evenness,dominant degree,and individuals of natural enemies were at jujube field intercropped with herbage than jujube field without herbage,and the same increase(P<0.05) of individuals at integrated pest management jujube field intercropped with herbage than conventional pest management jujube field intercropped with herbage.In different developing stages of jujube trees,significantly bigger(P<0.05) loadings of dominant species of natural enemy communities to the first two principal components were at jujube field intercropped with herbage than jujube field without herbage.However,significantly bigger(P<0.05) loadings of dominant species of pest communities to the first two principal components were at jujube field without herbage than jujube field intercropped with herbage.There was no difference between the breadths of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niches of pests in different developing stages of jujube trees at the jujube fields of different treatments.However,the average breadths of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niches of dominant species of natural enemies were significantly bigger(P<0.05) at jujube field intercropped with herbage than jujube field without herbage. The average overlapped values of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niches between dominant species of natural enemies and pests were significantly bigger(P<0.05) at jujube field intercropped with herbage than jujube field without herbage.Average index of ratio of accumulative total contribution of more than 70% of natural enemies was significantly bigger(P<0.05) at jujube field intercropped with herbage than jujube field without herbage.But significantly bigger (P<0.05) the ratio of average index of pests were at jujube field without herbage than jujube field intercropped with herbage.There was a significant(P<0.05) difference in the ratio of different developing periods of jujube trees at jujube orchards with different treatments.The results suggested that IPM of jujube orchards was putted in practice with different countermeasures in different developing periods of jujube trees.更多还原