【摘要】 目的分析通州区2005~2006年麻疹流行特征,提出控制麻疹的策略与措施。方法使用SPSS11.5软件和Excel2000对麻疹个案资料进行统计分析。结果通州区2005~2006年共报告确诊麻疹病例430例,麻疹病例的分布与流动人口的分布高度相关。区内本市人口病例以<1岁的婴儿与>20岁的成人为主,分别占51.72%、42.53%,各年龄组流动人口发病率均高于本市人口发病率。<1岁病例主要集中于5~9月龄,占78.64%。本市病例以散居儿童和成年的公务职员为主,分别占54.02%、19.54%;流动人口病例中散居儿童占37.90%、学生占28.86%、务工人员占33.24%,13.49%的病例有明确的麻疹疫苗免疫史,41.33%的<2岁婴幼儿病例存在医院感染的可能。病例血清学确诊率69.30%,失访和年龄<1岁无法采集标本是影响血清学确诊率的主要因素。结论人口流动和免疫空白人群的积累是麻疹流行的主要原因。提高基础免疫率和集体单位人员的加强免疫,是目前控制麻疹疫情的主要措施。把麻疹疫苗初免月龄提前至6月龄、在部分地区进行成人麻疹疫苗普种是加速消除麻疹的有效方式;灵敏有效的疫情监测系统是控制麻疹的重要手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the surveillance data of measles in Tongzhou District of Beijing during 2005 to 2006 to map out strategies and measures for its prevention and control.Methods Data of surveillance and investigation on individual cases of measles were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 and Excel 2000 software.Results Totally, 430 cases with measles were reported in Tongzhou District during 2005～2006, only 13.49% of them with definite history of measles immunization. Distribution of measles cases highly correlated to that of floating population. Measles mainly occurred in children under one year old (78.64% in babies aged at five to nine months) and adults aged 20 years or over in permanent residents, accounting for 51.72% and 42.35% of the total cases, respectively. Age-specific incidence of measles in all age groups of floating population were higher than those in permanent residents. Pre-school children accounted for 54.02% and civil servants accounted for 19.54% of the all cases in permanent residents, but 37.90% in pre-school children, 28.86% in school children and 33.24% in migrant laborers of all the cases in floating population. There were 41.33% of the cases under two years with the possibility of nosocomial measles infection during their visits to the hospital. Measles was diagnosed by serological test in only 69.3% of the cases, due to the loss to follow-up and difficulties in blood specimen collection.Conclusion Outbreak of measles can be mainly attributed to population floating and lower level of measles immunity. It is a main measure for measles control to improve basic immune level in children and strengthen measles immunization for adults living collectively. Measles immunization for children should be started at age of six months instead of eight months. It is an effective way to speed up the elimination of measles to popularize measles immunization for the adults in some areas, as well as it is a very important way in measles control to strengthen its surveillance in a sensitive and effective manner.更多还原