【摘要】 犁的作业效果随其工作部件——犁铲或犁铧设计思想而不同。中国和欧美的犁铲结构从原始犁时期就截然不同。中国的耒耜工作面设计的是凸形,欧州的原始犁(暂称为树干犁)的工作面设计是凹形的。这一差异随各自犁的进展,经过近20个世纪,一直到现在还是存在的。本文比较了它们各自的原始犁、中世纪的犁以及现代犁的犁铲状态,并重点评价了其碎土原理以及作业的生态和经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Plow is a main tool of agricultural farming all over the world. The effects of using a plow are different when it connected with other component or with different designing ideas. The Chinese plows and those made in Europe and America are quite different in structures from the early time. The cover of share of the Chinese plows (lei si) was protruding with triangle shape while the European ones (made of tree trunk) were narrow plate share with a wide sunken moldboard shape. Coming with the iron age, the plows had to be fit with iron share. However the different of share shapes still reserved and inherited in their developing process. The development of both shares in various eras (with many historical figures of both plows) was compared and their principles of soil cracking and effects of ecology and economy were emphasized and evaluated.更多还原