【摘要】 为提高胚败育率高的苹果品种‘舞美’种子成苗率、缩短种子休眠时期、加速种子有性繁殖进程的种子繁殖体系,以‘舞美’自然授粉的果实和种子为试材,研究了胚龄(接种时期)、播前处理及培养基配比对‘舞美’杂种种子萌发率和成苗率的影响。结果表明:随果实成熟,种皮颜色由红色、红白色、红褐色至褐色转变;离体培养不同胚龄的种子,盛花后76 d,种皮红色,种子可萌发但生长畸形;96 d后,种皮红褐至褐色,有56.7%的萌发率和23.3%的直接成苗率,且添加1 mg/L GA3的H2培养基比未添加GA3的H1培养基(1/2MS+10 g/L蔗糖+9 g/L琼脂)可显著提高成苗率。盛花后130 d的饱满种子在H2培养基上离体培养萌发快,萌发率和直接成苗率分别达100%和97.6%,且显著高于未经层积处理和4℃层积处理20和30 d后直接播种在蛭石中的种子。因此,自盛花96 d后的杂种胚在H2培养基上培养,至胚苗移栽成活需4~5个月时间,种子直接成苗率在40%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to increase the rate of germination of apple cultivars with higher embryonic malfunction,reduce seed dormancy and enhance sexual propagation,fruits and seeds of the cultivar ’Maypole’ were studied.We explored the influence of seed development stages,pre-sowing treatments and different culture media,on germination and growth of new seedlings in vitro,from the embryo.The result showed that the color of seed capsule changed from red,red-white,red-brown to brown as fruits matured.Seeds at different developing stages were inoculated in two different culture media.Developing seeds with red capsule color were fairly capable of germination,76-days after full bloom but grew abnormally from the embryo culture;seeds with red-brown capsule color germinated fairly well 96-days after full bloom,into direct seedlings.The ratio of direct generation of seedlings in vitro from embryo was increased markedly on the culture medium H2 with 1 mg/L GA3 than H1(containing 1/2 MS + 1% sucrose + 0.9% agar).Mature seeds with brown capsule color germinated rapidly 130-days after full bloom through embryo culture in the H2 medium.The ratio of germination and seedling generation were 100% and 97.6% respectively,being significantly higher than those of seeds grown on vermiculite without stratification or after 20 and 30 days with stratification at 4℃.Therefore,’Maypole’ seeds at 96-days after full bloom,cultivated in H2 culture medium directly produced seedlings in a high portion,and seed culture by this approach can shorten the breeding process.Compared with traditional seed propagation methods,the process can be shortened 3-4 months and the seedling vigor increased by more than 40%.更多还原