【摘要】 兽药抗生素在畜禽养殖生产中被大量使用,由于这些药物的大部分会被排入粪便并随粪便作为肥料而随处散播,增加了环境风险。通过实验室模拟不同的环境条件,研究了常用兽药抗生素——盐霉素在畜禽粪便中的降解动态及其影响因素(如药物残留浓度、粪便含水量、微生物及光照等)。结果表明,盐霉素在粪便中的降解主要是微生物降解,光降解和化学降解只占很小比例,灭菌组的降解速率明显低于未灭菌组(P<0.05),而光照对盐霉素的降解速率影响不大(P>0.05);盐霉素的降解速率随粪便中盐霉素起始浓度增加而降低,表明粪便中降解微生物对盐霉素的浓度敏感;粪便含水量的增加明显加快了盐霉素残留的降解速率,因而在粪便施入农田前,可以通过降低粪便中盐霉素残留浓度或提高粪便含水量等方法加速盐霉素的降解,以降低其对环境土壤和水体的风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Extensive use of veterinary antibiotics in livestock farming increases risk that these compounds end up in environment when manure is used as fertilizer.In this study,degradation of salinomycin,a widely used veterinary antibiotic,in animal manure was investigated under various environment conditions by stimulating methods in laboratory,including initial concentration,manure moisture,manure microorganism and sunshine.The results showed that salinomycin was mainly degradated by microorganisms in animal manure,while chemical and photo degradation only account for few portion.No significant effect was observed with manure storage on the degradation of salinomycin in manure with sunshine.The effect of initial salinomycin concentration showed that the degradation rate constant increased with decreasing initial concentration,indicating that the bioactivity of the degrading microorganisms in manure was sensitive to salinomycin concentration.Salinomycin degradation was effectively enhanced with increasing moisture of manure.The results meant that increasing manure moisture or decreasing the initial salinomycin concentration may be good solutions to accelerate the degradation and reduce the environment risk of antibiotics residues before the manure was spread on farmland.更多还原