【摘要】 为分析小麦杂种优势群,采用微卫星(SSR)分子标记对中国北方冬麦区普通小麦(20份)、穗分枝小麦(4份)、轮回选择后代(14份)、西藏半野生小麦(3份)和斯卑尔脱小麦Hubel早熟诱变系(4份)共45份材料的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,所用23个SSR引物在45个材料间共检测出226个等位变异,每个引物检测出5-16个等位变异,平均为9.82个。普通小麦群体与轮回选择后代、穗分枝小麦、西藏半野生小麦和Hubel诱变系间的遗传距离分别为0.7715、0.8145、0.9087和0.9217,均明显高于普通小麦群体内的0.6622;在聚类结果上,普通小麦、穗分枝小麦、轮回选择后代、西藏半野生小麦和Hubel诱变系也被明显地划分为五大不同类群,说明普通小麦群体与穗分枝小麦、轮回选择后代、西藏半野生小麦和Hubel诱变系间存在着较大的遗传差异。其中,轮回选择后代、穗分枝小麦和Hubel诱变系与普通小麦杂交F1代育性正常,且为普通小麦表型,可用作杂交小麦的亲本。西藏半野生小麦成熟时期穗轴自然断落,不利于收获,在用于小麦杂种优势利用时须先进行遗传改良。更多还原

【Abstract】 Simple sequence repeat(SSR) marker was used to evaluate the genetic diversity in 45 selected wheat genotypes,including 20 common wheat,4 ear-branched wheat,14 lines derived from recurrent selection,3 Tibetan wheat and 4 early spelt wheat mutant lines.The result showed that 23 SSR primers produced distinguishable polymorphic bands.A total of 226 polymorphic bands were amplified,the polymorphic bands amplified by each primer ranged from 5 to 16,with an average of 9.82.The 226 polymorphic products were used to calculate Nei’s genetic distance(GD).It was found that the mean genetic distances between common wheat and ear-branched wheat,wheat lines derived from recurrent selection,Tibetan wheat and early spelt wheat mutant lines were 0.7715、0.8145、0.9087和0.9217 respectively,and were obviously higher than that within common wheat(0.6622);The cluster analysis was performed based on the genetic distance(GD) matrix by using UPGMA method.It was found that common wheat,ear-branched wheat,wheat lines derived from recurrent selection,Tibetan wheat and early spelt wheat mutant lines were classified into five different groups.It was concluded that higher genetic diversity among these wheat groups existed than within common wheat,which can be used to diversify the genetic basis for hybrid wheat breeding and improve heterosis.更多还原