【摘要】 为研究小麦-簇毛麦6VS/6AL易位染色体在不同小麦背景中的遗传稳定性及其在配子中的传递,利用高抗白粉病的普通小麦-簇毛麦6VS/6AL易位系92R137与不抗白粉病的栽培品种百农64、百农9310、邯5310、小偃54、淮麦20、徐麦856进行杂交,并用这些品种分别与杂种F1进行正反回交。对杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的细胞学观察表明,在减数分裂中期Ⅰ易位染色体6VS/6AL通常以6AL与6A染色体配对形成棒状二价体。各杂种F1高抗白粉病,位于6VS上的抗白粉病基因Pm21呈显性,在F2中有69.0%-74.0%的植株抗白粉病,接近1对显性基因遗传的理论值。由于6VS与6AS在通常情况下不发生配对交换,因此可通过白粉病抗性鉴定并结合利用6VS上的分子标记来跟踪6VS/6AL易位染色体的传递。测交结果表明,以F1作母本6VS/6AL易位染色体通过雌配子的传递率为49.2%(45.8%-54.9%);以F1作父本6VS/6AL易位染色体通过雄配子的传递率为44.7%(43.1%-46.8%),均接近50%的理论值。但在各组合中,6VS/6AL易位染色体通过雄配子的传递率均低于通过雌配子的传递率。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study transmission of 6VS/6AL chromosome through gametes and its genetic stability in different genetic background,the 6VS/6AL translocation line 92R137(highly resistant to powdery mildew) were respectively crossed to common wheat varieties Bainong 64,Bainong 9310,Han 5310,Xiaoyan 54,Huaimai 20 and Xumai 856 introduced from different areas of China and the hybrids F1 were backcrossed as male and female.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) on hybrid F1 PMC MI was used to study the pairing of 6VS/6AL translocation chromosome of hybrid F1 in different wheat background.The rod bivalent formed by 6AL of translocation chromosome and chromosome 6A was observed in(translocation line × different variety) F1 plants.All the F1 plants expressed high resistance to powdery mildew.It indicated that Pm21 gene on 6VS inherited dominantly and expressed well when transferred to different wheat genotype.In hybrid F2,there were 69.0%-74.0% plants highly resistant to powdery mildew,close to the transmission of one dominant gene expected value of 75%. In general situation,6VS can not pair and crossover with 6AS,so powdery mildew resistance and molecular marker on 6VS can be used to trace the transmission of 6VS/6AL translocation through gametes.The result of testcrosses showed that translocation chromosome 6VS/6AL can transmit to offsprings stably,and the transmission frequency of 6VS/6AL was higher through female gametes(49.2%) than through male gametes(44.7%),but all of them had not significant difference with expected value of 50%.更多还原