【摘要】 目的目前,对中国人抑郁体验的现象学理解很大程度上依赖于西方教科书和国际诊断系统中的描述。而临床经验告诉我们,不同地区、不同文化对情绪痛苦的表达有着各自的特点;但中国在这方面还缺乏研究。为此,我们采用民俗学方法对广州地区就诊人群的抑郁体验进行了研究。方法在广州市精神卫生中心门诊,采用定额取样招募40例有抑郁情绪的患者;问及的合适的病人共43人,只有3人不同意参加。采用开放式深入民俗学访谈了解患者的抑郁体验,即让患者用他们自己的话来讲述患病经历。对访谈进行录音,转录为文字并译成英文。对中英文记录分别进行了内容分析。结果除了西方教科书和诊断系统中描述的抑郁症状外,还发现了六个情感体验的类别:本地情感语汇、具身的情绪体验、隐含的忧伤、难以言状的痛苦、情绪不良造成的人际不和谐,以及专注于失眠。结论精神病学教科书和诊断系统中的描述未能涵盖中国抑郁患者对抑郁症状的全部体验。需要进一步研究抑郁体验与生活事件的关联及其在不同文化下的表现方式,这样才能作出与文化相适应的有效诊断。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: The existing phenomenological understandings of mental illnesses are essentially based on western studies. Research that maps the experiences and expressions of psychiatric disorders is absent in China. The aim of this study was thus to examine the experiences and expressions of depressive illness among Chinese. Methods: Forty men and women were purposively recruited from the outpatient department of a regional mental health service for in-depth ethnographic interviews. The informants were asked to describe in their own words their lived experience of falling ill. The audio records of the interviews were transcribed and translated into English. Both the Chinese and English transcripts were analysed by content analysis. Results:Apart from depressive symptoms that are commonly described in western textbooks and diagnostic systems, six additional categories of illness experiences and expressions were identified: indigenous affective lexicons, embodied emotive experiences, implicit sadness, pre-verbal pain, distress of social disharmony and centrality of sleeplessness. Conclusion:Psychiatric textbooks and diagnostic systems do not fully cover the expression and experience of Chinese depression. Further studies are needed to investigate the lived experience of depression in different cultures.更多还原