【摘要】 采用单一自由度独立比较的方法,研究了两个栉-华杂交组合HCH(栉孔扇贝长岛群体×华贵栉孔扇贝)和HJH(栉孔扇贝胶南群体×华贵栉孔扇贝)以及栉孔扇贝种内交配组合ZZ的胚胎发生及幼虫生长发育过程。结果表明,栉孔扇贝和华贵栉孔扇贝的种间杂交F1在生长和发育的两个环节上是不一致的,在涉及器官及其功能形成的发育环节上,杂交表现负效应;而在涉及形态变化和增大的生长环节上,杂交表现正效应,存在杂种优势现象。两个杂交组合中,HJH综合效果较好,授精22h平均孵化率达到95.8%,与ZZ基本接近;30日龄平均变态率达61.5%,明显好于组合HCH的42.0%;8日龄幼虫平均大小达143.4μm×123.2μm,表现出更强的生长优势。这些结果为全面评价栉孔扇贝与华贵栉孔扇贝杂交体系应用价值和选配优良杂交组合提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heterosis is a common biological phenomenon. Two kind of scallops were introduced in the paper, Chlamys farreri and C. nobilis, inhabiting in different sea areas, are two distant species of scallop with different biology characteristics in cladistics, and they are strongly complementary in quite several traits of the scallop’s cross breeding. In addition, many scallop species of can naturally grow up in a wide coastal maritime area. For example, C. farreri can survive from south of Shandong to north of Liaoning in China. The wide geographical distribution and ecological adaptation resulted in intra-specific genetic dif-ferentiation, forming a few geographic populations. Taking the intra-specific cross of C. farreri (ZZ) as a baseline, the embryogenesis and growth of F1 larvae of two inter-specific crosses of C. farreri×C. nobilis (HCH & HJH) were studied by independent comparison in single degree of freedom. In terms of growth, the inter-specific hybridization between the two is different. Specifically, during organ and its function forma-tion, negative effect was shown, while during morphological change and enlarge, positive effect was indi-cated with heterosis. Among two hybridization group, HJH had better results in overall: the average hatcha-bility of fertilized eggs (for 22 hrs) reached 95.8%, closed to that of ZZ; 30d average abnormality was 61.5%, better that 42.0% in HCH group; and 8d larva sized 143.4μm ×123.2 μm, showing stronger superiority in growth. These results are very informative in practice in the hybritation of C. farreri×C. nobilis, and opti-mizing strain selection.更多还原