【摘要】 随着化学工业的快速发展,我国化学品的产量和贸易量呈逐年增加的趋势,因化学品所导致的环境污染也越来越严重.伴随着化学品贸易与环境管理的国际一体化趋势以及国内对环境保护的呼声越来越高,迫切要求建立、健全化学品环境管理法规.在对比分析了美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家或地区化学品立法特征的基础上,阐述了我国在化学品立法方面存在的缺陷,如预防预警、源头控制理念不足,缺乏优先管理和风险管理制度,监督管理环节薄弱,以及缺乏各部门之间协调配合的监督管理机制等;分析了我国化学品立法的必要性和紧迫性,提出了重点针对有毒有害化学物质进行管理的预防为主、源头控制、风险管理以及全过程管理的立法理念,并对立法管理对象以及需建立的管理制度和标准等主要内容提出了建议.更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the fast development of the chemical industry,the domestic output and trade of chemicals are increasing year after year,and environmental pollution of chemicals is getting more and more serious.Global uniformed chemical trade and environmental management system and the higher domestic requests for the environmental protection have brought on exigent needs for the systematic chemical legislation.Based on the characteristic of chemical legislation of the developed countries,the limitation of the current chemical legislation in China was shown,e.g.ignoring environmental management,lacking the thinks of precaution and origin control,lacking the systems of priority management and risk management,and having inconsistent supervision among the different departments.The authors analyzed the necessity of the chemical legislation,and put forward the principles of precaution,origin control,risk management and the whole life management with emphasis on the toxic and hazard chemical substances.The contents of the legislation including objects,management system and standards were also suggested.更多还原