【摘要】 采用化学还原法制备得到了纳米级NiCu复合金属粉,对其结构进行了表征.用热分析法研究了纳米NiCu复合金属粉对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化性能.结果表明,组成为Ni60Cu40的纳米NiCu复合金属粉可使AP的高温和低温热分解温度分别降低140.4和26.8℃,使总表观分解热增至1.29kJ/g,表现出对AP的高温和低温热分解的显著催化作用.纳米NiCu复合金属粉的组成对其催化性能有一定影响,以Ni60Cu40的催化效果最强.纳米NiCu复合金属粉的含量增加,其催化作用增强.纳米NiCu复合金属粉催化AP热分解的作用机理为:(1)氧化物在AP热分解起始阶段电子转移过程中的桥梁催化作用;(2)纳米NiCu复合金属粉与AP分解产物发生反应;(3)纳米NiCu复合金属粉的表面效应等.更多还原

【Abstract】 NiCu composite metal nanopowder was prepared by chemical reduction and its structure was determined. The thermal decomposition behaviour of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated in the presence of NiCu composite metal nanopowder by DTA. The results show that nanometer Ni60Cu40 composite powder decreased the lower and higher thermal decomposition temperatures of AP by 26.8 and 140.4℃ respectively, and the DTA heat release of AP in the presence of NiCu nanopowders increased to 1.29 kJ/g, showing good catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of AP. The composition of NiCu composite nanopowder influenced its catalytic effect and Ni60Cu40 had the best catalytic effect. With the increase in content, NiCu nanopowder enhanced its catalytic effect on the decomposition of AP. The mechanism of catalyzing the thermal decomposition of AP was proposed as follows: (1) metal oxide acts as the intermedium in the process of election transfer, (2) NiCu nanopowder reacts with the decomposed products of AP, and (3) NiCu nanopowder has special surface effect.更多还原