【摘要】 提出一个新的混合无机电解质溶液的纳滤膜分离性能的评价方法。该评价方法将纳滤膜分离性能表述为某种离子在膜中的透过率,其值与混合电解质总浓度、各种离子的当量分数和同号离子之间通过纳滤膜的竞争作用有关。首先根据一些双组分无机电解质溶液的纳滤膜分离实验获得离子的竞争系数,然后采用几种不同组成不同浓度的混合电解质溶液(NaCl和NaF;NaCl和KCl;NaF、NaCl和NaNO3;NaCl、NaNO3和Na2SO4;NaF、NaCl、NaNO3和Na2SO4)通过ESNA1膜的透过实验验证该评价方法的适用性。结果表明混合电解质溶液总浓度和离子的当量分数是影响各种离子通过纳滤膜的表观透过率的主要因素,评价方法预测值与实验数据相符合。说明该方法适用于评价含有单价阳离子的混合无机电解质溶液的纳滤膜分离性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The preparation of a series of 2-pyridinamines and their alkyl derivatives is described.The target compounds are synthesized starting from corresponding 2-cyanopyridines, via incomplete hydrolysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the dilute alkaline mixture of acetone-2% sodium hydroxide solution, and Hoffmann degradation reaction with freshly made NaBrO.This route is of industrial value because of cheap and readily available materials, moderate reaction conditions and convenient operations.更多还原