【摘要】 目的总结广西常见突发化学中毒事件现场防控应急救援措施所取得的成功经验,研制突发化学中毒事件现场防控应急救援技术方案。方法通过对近13年广西常见突发化学中毒事件回顾性调查,总结现场防控应急救援措施所取得的成功经验,现场防控应急救援措施技术方案,建立评价指标体系,研制突发化学中毒事件现场防控应急救援理论、措施、关键技术和技术方案等进行专题研究。结果(1)调查分析和掌握广西化学中毒流行病学分布规律和特点。(2)建立工作网络及构建应急管理体制。(3)总结和开展了一系列现场防控应急救援措施和技术方案,如①群体性毒鼠强中毒现场防控应急措施;②剧毒化学品流失的现场防控应急措施;③化学毒物污染水源突发事件现场防控的应急措施;④罕见突发化学毒物致群体中毒事件的现场防控应急救援措施;⑤群体性化妆品中毒事件应急控制措施。(4)针对化学中毒的现场防控进行实验室检测与毒理学的研究。(5)将广西公共卫生突发事件“三网”的成果应用于处理突发事件和强化现场防控措施。(6)制定15个应急技术预案,并广泛推广应用。结论通过研究,有效地提高广西常见突发化学中毒事件现场防控救援,控制中毒事态恶化,降低中毒患者病死率和伤残率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To develop effectual on-site emergency measures to combat the outbreaks of acute chemical poisoning. Methods We retrospectively reviewed, summarized, and analyzed all successful experiences and therapies for acute chemical poisoning in Guangxi Province of China in the past 13 years. The most effective methods were optimized and tested in multiple centers. A set of evaluating parameters was set up. New managing theories and key techniques were developed. Results (1). The epidemiological characteristics of acute chemical poisoning in Guangxiwere well understood. (2) A working network and an emergency administrating mechanism were established; (3) A series of on- site emergency measures against acute poisoning were developed. Such as ① emergency strategies for acute tetramine poisoning; ② emergency measures for the control of high toxic chemical missing ③ emergency methods against large- scale water chemical pollution; ④ comprehensive control approaches for massive poisoning by rare chemicals ⑤ emergency procedures for large scale cosmetics poisoning. (4) Studies of detecting methods of chemical toxicity and toxicology; (5) The application of "Public Health emergency management networks" in the control of acute chemical poisoning; (6) A total of 15 preventive plans for acute chemical poisoning were proposed and extensively applied. Conclusion The emergency strategies developed in this study have significantly increased the successful rates of acute poisoning treatment and control, and decreased the death rates chemical poisoning in Guangxi.更多还原