【摘要】 一般文献中提到网络外部性,总会自然地把它与市场失灵联系在一起,认为网络外部性引起市场失灵的现象在经济中广泛存在。但是,并非所有的网络外部性都是现代意义上的外部性,也不一定会引起市场失灵。对于间接网络效应,与网络规模相关的效应实际上只是货币溢出效应,一些看起来像外部性的现象只是技术进步的表现,很多网络效应的根源是自然垄断或者正常的生产外部性;而对于直接网络效应,也同样有一些因素使得这些网络效应在市场中不能变成真正的外部性,从而造成市场失灵的后果。因此,不能内化的网络效应,即真正的网络外部性发生的范围可能比我们一般设想的要窄得多。更多还原

【Abstract】 Normally,when network externalities are mentioned in documents,they’re naturally linked with the market failure;it’s considered that the phenomenon of market failure caused by network externalities widely exists in economy.However,not all the network externalities is in the modern sense of externality,and consequentially leads to market failure.For indirect network effects,the effects related to network scale are actually the spillover effects of currency;some phenomenon that look like externalities just represent the technology progress;the foundation of many network effects is natural monopoly or normal production externality.For the direct network effects,some factors also make these network effects unable to become the real externalities to cause the market failure.Therefore,the network effects can’t be internalized,i.e.the real network externalities may occur in a much narrower extent than our general vision.更多还原