【摘要】 通过对昌马水库运行前后不同时期疏勒河流域盆地地表水—地下水相互转化的分析,发现调配水资源引起了"河流—含水层"系统的强烈变化。流域盆地地下水补给量总体呈减少趋势,引发了生态的恶化。3座水库联合调水后,中游盆地地下水补给量,比20世纪60年代、90年代末,分别减少了3.11×108m3,2.95×108m3。下游2个盆地的地下水补给量小幅增加,中游盆地泉水溢出量与60年代相比削减了53.2%。盆地内的河水断流,湿地萎缩,植被、草场退化,土地沙漠化和盐渍化等环境问题更加严重。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Shule River Basin is located in the west Hexi Corridor,Gansu Province,and the plains in the drainage basin mean the Tashi Basin in Yumen at the middle reaches and the Dunhuang and Huahai basins in An’xi County at the lower reaches.The "river-aquifer" system in the drainage basin is obviously changed after continuously building the irrigation works and implementing the projects of exploitation and utilization of water and land resources in recent 50 years,especially after implementing the "Integrated Development Project of Agricultural Irrigation and Migration Settlement in the Shule River Basin" by building the Changma Reservoir,rebuilding the irrigation works,drilling wells,enlarging the area of cultivated land,redistributing water resources,etc.The purposes of implementing the project are to change the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources,increase the utilization ratio of water resources,and promote the harmonious development of the local society,economy and environment.In this paper,the mutual conversion of surface water and groundwater in the main basins in the Shule River Basin during the different periods before and after the operation of the Changma Reservoir is lucubrated.The results show that the redistribution of water resources causes the violent change of the water resources system of river-aquifer.The total groundwater recharge in the basins is reduced,and the entironment is degenerated.After the joint regulation of water resources of 3 reservoirs is implemented,the annual groundwater recharge in the Tashi Basin in Yumen at the middle reaches is sharply reduced,and it is reduced by 3.11×108 m3 and 2.95×108 m3 compared with that in the 1960s and 1990s,it,however, is slightly increased in the 2 basins at the lower reaches.Spring overflow in Changma diluvial fan is reduced by 53.2% compared with that in the 1960s.Thus,some serious ecological problems,such as the stream flow cut-off,reduction of the area of wetlands,degeneration of the natural vegetation and steppes and land desertification,occur.Building and operation of the reservoirs and irrigation works downstream from the debouchure of the Shule River affect strongly the close connection of surface water and groundwater and their mutual conversion in the drainage basin and the entironment.The study results can be referred in redistributing water resources and researching the change of groundwater recharge in the arid areas in northwest China.更多还原