【摘要】 对气象干旱指标、农业干旱指标、水文干旱指标和社会经济干旱指标4个方面的研究成果进行了较为全面的对比分析,并提出了干旱指标研究中仍存在的主要问题以及今后研究的重点与展望。干旱气候的影响具有持续时间长、范围广、灾害程度重的特点,而干旱指标是衡量干旱气候的标准。分析指出,按照大气、土壤、水文和作物干旱的相互关系及其因果关系,应该首先考虑大气干旱,而考虑大气干旱时,最好利用降水百分数或距平百分率,这样便于统一比较各个地区的干旱程度。其次,再根据不同的领域和对象,考虑土壤、农作物、牧业和水文干旱等。在研制干旱指标时,要注意要素的可收集性及其适时性,考虑主要要素和监测业务的可行性,干旱指标要简单、明了,可计算性强,以便于业务使用和推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using the research results of four aspects on meteorological drought indices,agricultural drought indices, hydrological drought indices and socio-economic drought indices did the analyses,and the main problems in stud- ying drought indices and the prospect were put forward.The impact of drought climate has the characteristics of long duration,wide range and severe disaster degree.The drought indices are the criterion to calibrate the drought degree.The results show that the first fact must be considered is’atmospheric drought,which is included in meteor- ological drought,by according to the interrelation and consequence among atmospheric drought,soil drought, hydrological drought and crop drought.In order to compare drought degree in different areas,it is better to use pre- cipitation percent or anomaly percent when we consider the atmospheric drought.The second fact is considering the soil drought,crop drought,herd drought and hydrological drought by according to different domain and aim.It must be noticed the easy collection and in time on the development of drought indices,and the feasibility for opera- tion.Simpleness,perspicuity and calculability are the identity of drought indices,so that it can be used in opera- tion.更多还原