【摘要】 利用14对AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism)引物组合对92份山东省不同年代小麦推广品种遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明,每对引物组合的平均多态性位点为20.07,多态位点百分率为30.06,在筛选引物时发现引物MseⅠ+TAG与PstⅠ组合时大部分能够表现出较好的多态性;92份材料的遗传相似系数(Dice)分布在0.93~0.997之间,平均为0.952,说明山东省小麦遗传多样性的水平低。根据材料间的相似系数,按UPGMA聚类法对92份材料聚类分析,可以把92份材料分为6类。值得注意的是紫色麦自成一类。20世纪50年代至今山东省小麦推广品种的遗传多样性指数变化趋势:从20世纪50年代到80年代,品种材料的遗传多样性指数逐渐增加,20世纪80年代达到最高,此后则有所下降,到区试材料(2)时遗传多样性指数又有所上升,但是幅度不大。从总体来看,山东省不同年代选育的小麦品种的遗传多样性差异较小,也没有因为育种而导致当地小麦品种的遗传多样性下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 AFLP (amplif ied fragment length polymorphism) is an eff icient molecular marker system for genetic diversity evaluation. Ninety-two wheat cultivars released in different periods in Shandong province were em- ployed to be analyzed by AFLP. The results show that the average polymorphic loci per primer combination was 20.07, and percentage of polymorphism loci was 30.06. We found that MseⅠ+ TAG primer could reveal good polymorphism when combined with PstⅠprimer in selecting primer combinations. The value of Dice’s genetic similarity index of ninety-two cultivars varied from 0.93 to 0.997, with an average of 0.952, which shows the ge- netic diversity of wheat released in Shandong province at low level. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance by Unweighted Pair Grouping Method with Arithmetic means (UPGMA) clearly classif ied the Ninety-two germ- plasms into six groups and it is obvious that the purple seed wheat grouped alone. From 1950s, the trend of genetic diversity index of wheat cultivars in Shandong Province was increase gradually, and it reached the highest value in 1980s, then it started to drop. After 2000, the genetic diversity index of the regional trials No.2 has a little bit elevatory but still kept in unremarkable level. In this paper we made a conclusion that genetic diversity of wheat cultivars developed in different periods would be little difference and also breeding program would not become a major factor resulting in declining trends of genetic diversity.更多还原