【摘要】 目的了解高碘地区停供碘盐状况及对重点人群碘营养的影响,为制定高碘监测方案提供依据。方法每个县的高碘地区分布及食盐供应情况,将其分为单纯高碘、高碘和非高碘共存即"混杂地区"、全部停供碘盐、碘盐和无碘盐共存4种地区类型,分别进行分层抽样监测。每个层次均按东、西、南、北、中随机抽取9个乡镇,每个乡镇随机抽取4个村。每个村抽取8户居民半定量检测食盐样,同时抽取其中4户各采1名家庭妇女随意尿样检测尿碘。不足9个乡镇的层次,每个村抽取15户居民盐样。不足5个乡镇的全部监测。每类地区各选择1所乡镇小学和1所农村小学,整群抽取100名儿童检查甲状腺,检测随意尿样尿碘,由本人检测自带家中食盐。结果调查了3个县市的31个乡镇的121个村。高碘地区19个乡镇,非高碘地区12个乡镇。共检测居民户食盐1354份,碘盐率45.6%,无碘盐率54.4%。高碘地区碘盐率32.6%,无碘盐率67.4%;非高碘地区碘盐率70.1%,非碘盐率29.9%。检测妇女和儿童尿样1660份,尿碘(UI)水平(474.7±391.5)μg/L,尿碘中位数(MUI)354.7μg/L。妇女MUI为449.3μg/L,UI<100μg/L的样本比例占5.6%、100～300μg/L的占30.0%、>300μg/L的占64.4%;儿童MUI为321.44μg/L,UI<100μg/L的样本比例占6.0%、100～300μg/L的占39.8%、>300μg/L的占54.2%。妇女与儿童的MUI差异有统计学意义。高碘地区MUI为409.1μg/L,非高碘地区MUI为305.2μg/L,二者差异有统计学意义。3个县市甲状腺肿大率分别为2.2%、11.5%和3.0%。结论无碘盐率体现干预效果,尿碘反映碘营养水平,建议高碘地区以居民户食盐和妇女尿碘为主要监测指标,并实行分层抽样监测。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To master the effects of stopping iodized salt and iodine nutrition status of risk populations in excessive iodine intake areas to provide the monitoring project against it.Methods 4 kinds of areas were divided into many clusters,according to the conditions of whole iodine excess areas,iodine excess and non-excess areas,iodized salt stopped county of all townships,areas supplied iodized or non-iodized salt.4 villages were selected 9 townships from one cluster.8 households in each village were sampled for testing edible salt iodine by semi-quantitative analysis.Urinary iodine(UI) in woman from 4 households was tested at every village.100 pupils were measured their goiter and UI for one cluster.Results 121 villages of 31 townships at 3 counties were investigated,including 19 iodine excess ones and 12 non iodine excess ones.1 354 edible salt samples were tested.The rate of non-iodized salt was 54.4%,of iodized salt 45.6% in 3 counties.The rate of iodized salt in 19 iodine excess ones was 32.6%,of non-iodized salt 67.4%;the rates of another 12 ones were 70.1% and 29.9%.1 660 samples of urine in women and children were measured.Mean of UI was 474.7±391.5 μg/L with MUI 354.7 μg/L.Women’s MUI was 449.3 μg/L and children’s MUI was 321.44 μg/L,with statistic significance.A total of 30.0% women’s UI was adequate or more than adequate,in 5.6% insufficient and 30.0% excessive.39.8% children’s UI was adequate or more than adequate,in 6.0% insufficient and 54.2% excessive.MUI of iodine excess areas was 409.1 μg/L,another one was 305.2 μg/L.The proportions of 30.6% and 62.7% UI were between 100~300 μg/L or over 300 in iodine excess areas;of 44.6% and 51.0% in non ones.MUI in two areas was statistic significance.Goiter rate of 3 counties was 2.2%,11.5% and 3.0%,respectively.Conclusions The rate of non-iodized salt could reflect the effects of stopped iodized salt.UI could represent iodine nutritional status of body.Edible salt at households and UI in housewives should be selected as major indicators in iodine excess areas.Complex sampling was applied for the monitor in some counties.更多还原