【摘要】 从标量场的菲涅耳衍射理论出发,研究了球面波入射平面透射光栅的衍射场,导出菲涅耳衍射场的复振幅分布,并得到光栅菲涅耳衍射角的计算公式．结果表明,在理想情况下菲涅耳衍射的每一级衍射波都是一个球面波;在对菲涅耳衍射角进行新的定义后,衍射角的计算仍然可以采用夫琅禾费衍射的光栅方程．更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on Fresnel diffraction theory,the diffraction field of a spherical wave through a plane trans- mission grating is studied in detail.The amplitude distribution of Fresnel diffraction and a calculation formula for Fresnel diffraction angle of a grating are given.The waves in each order of Fresnel diffraction are spherical wav- es under ideal conditions.The diffraction angles can still be given by the grating equation of Fraunhofer diffrac- tion after Fresnel diffraction angle is redefined.更多还原