【摘要】 冰川是由降雪积累形成,具有一定规模且运动着的自然冰体,是气候变化最敏感的指示器。从雪演化成冰的过程、机理和结果统称为成冰作用。成冰作用的研究可以揭示冰川的发育条件、形成过程和物理特征等;成冰作用的空间变化又是冰川变化的一种反映,对气候变化具有很好的指示作用。中国境内冰川的成冰作用研究开始于1962年谢自楚等对天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川开展的成冰作用研究,随后不同学者对祁连山等地区冰川的成冰作用亦进行了研究。随着研究的深入和发展现已形成具有中国特色的冰川成冰作用概念。主要回顾了冰川成冰带研究的发展历程和在中国的发展状况以及自20世纪60年代开始中国境内祁连山、天山、阿尔泰山、西昆仑山、喜马拉雅山、藏东南地区和横断山区冰川的成冰作用研究的主要成果,展望了今后冰川成冰作用研究的发展及其重要意义,并提出了以前研究中存在的缺陷和不足以及今后在成冰作用研究中应该注意的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Glacier derived from accumulated snow and characterized by movement and certain size to some extent,is one of the most sensitive indicators to climate.Ice formation processes include the process,mechanism and results of snow to ice transformation.Ice formation process can indicate the growth conditions,formation processes,physical characteristics of glacier,and so on;spatial variations of ice formation process can also reflect glacier change,and can indicate climate change.First study of ice formation process on glacier in China was performed in 1962,when Xie Zichu et al.,studied the ice formation process on Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi river head,Tianshan mountain,and subsequently scholars studied the ice formation process on glacier in Qilian mountain and so on.With the development of studying on ice formation process,the conception of ice formation process with China’s features comes into being.This paper reviewed the development process of ice formation zones and its further development in China and the study results of ice formation process on glaciers in China after the 1960s,and these studies mainly focused on Qilian mountain,Tianshan mountain,Altay mountain,West Kunlun mountain,Himalaya mountain,South-East Tibetan and Hengduan mountains;and the prospects of the development and significance of ice formation process studies,the limitation and deficiency of previous studies and the watchful aspects in future studies all have been put forward at the end of the paper.更多还原