【摘要】 重大环境污染事故常伴有人员伤亡,给社会、经济、人群健康和环境带来巨大破坏,环境风险评价是预防环境污染事故并提供有效应急措施的必要工作。对环境风险评价发展的三个阶段:健康风险评价、事故风险评价和综合风险评价进行了总结,并分析其研究进展、评价方法和研究不足之处,最后探讨了环境风险评价与环境风险管理的关系。结果表明,在未来几十年内,区域环境风险、长期环境风险、不确定性处理和环境毒理学、环境流行病学等方面将成为环境风险评价的重点研究领域。更多还原

【Abstract】 A hazardous environmental pollutive accident usually brings hazardous damage to society,economy,human health and environment.Environmental risk assessment(ERA) can provide an effective precaution for such accident.This paper reviews three developments of ERA: health risk assessment,accident risk assessment,and integrated risk assessment,simultaneously discusses main assessment methods,and faults,finally,explains the relationship of ERA and environmental risk management.It is indicated that some fields will become important research regions in next decades,such as regional scale environmental risk,long-term environmental risk,uncertainty math modeling and environmental toxicology,environmental epidemiology.更多还原