【摘要】 水资源供需平衡关系到城市的生态安全,水资源利用必须综合考虑生态因素。从生态市水资源供需的生活与生态优先性、循环性、层级性和区域性等特点出发,结合城市生态环境需水量计算,建立了包含5个子系统的水资源供需系统模型框架,并以此建立系统动力学模型,应用于沈阳市生态市建设的案例研究中。结果表明,“东水西调”工程将有效解决沈阳市水资源供需的近期矛盾,但远期仍需大于供。2020年缺少低水质要求的水量约3.8×108m3。沈阳市应从开辟新水源,节约用水,中水回用,科学管理等方面着手解决水资源供需平衡矛盾。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper intends to report the authors’ study on how to the counterpoise relationship between supply and demand of water resources in an expected eco-city to guarantee the secure supply for it. The characteristic features of the water resource supply and demand of an expected eco-city to be emphasized in this paper may include the priority of the eco-environmental water demand, circulation and reutilization as well as renewing of the water resources, the local hierarchical water resources and the bilateral water supply and demand in the local context. Then a model framework of the counterpoise between water supply and demand is given, with five sub-systems discussed, including the population and residential water demand, water demand of industry and service industry, agricultural water demand, urban eco-environmental water demand, and water supply. At the same time, a series of mathematical expressions of eco-city’s water demand are put forward, including the formulas of greenbelt-preservation water needs, soil water absorptions, ecological base flow in the river channels, water requirements of sand transportation in river channels, water supply for lake maintenance, water surface evaporation, leakage and water supply for domestic use. To make the study more purposeful, we have taken Shenyang city as a case study sample. The results of our study reveal that an imaginable“west-to-east water transfer project”for Shenyang case will be able to resolve the current problem between water demand and supply, but in the future the demand for water will still be exceeding the water supply, and the scarcity of water resources in Shenyang in the year of 2020 will be as grand as 3.8×108m3, which will be a restricting factor of the agricultural and industrial development. Last of all, it is still necessary to stress that, while looking for new water resources, saving water in agriculture, industry and daily life, reclaimed water reuse, and making scientific management of water resource will still be one of the chief measures to solve the problem between the water supply and demand in an expected eco-city.更多还原