【摘要】 塔克拉玛干沙漠是中国油气开发的重要区域,沙尘暴是该区域重要的灾害性天气,但以往相关的研究很少。为了了解塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴的发生规律,利用塔中气象站1997-2002年的气象资料,对塔中地区沙尘暴的强度、过程、类型和时间变化等特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)塔中年平均沙尘暴日数为16.83d,较沙漠北缘的轮台和沙漠南缘的民丰、和田为多,体现出沙尘源对沙尘暴发生的影响;(2)沙尘暴发生之前出现明显的风速突然降低和风向转换;(3)同塔里木盆地其它区域一样,塔中沙尘暴也可分为5种类型,其主导类型为冷空气东灌型;(4)沙尘暴时间变化规律明显,且从20世纪90年代至21世纪初,塔中沙尘暴日数与持时明显下降,同全疆的变化趋势一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taklimkan Desert is a hot area of Chinese petroleum exploration nowadays.Sandstorm is a major disaster in this area.For clearly understanding the law of sandstorm occurrence in the hinterland of Taklimkan Desert,this article analyses the intensity,process,types and temporal variation of sandstorm based on the meteorology data of Tazhong Meteorological Station from 1997 to 2002.The results are as follows:(1) The annual average days with sandstorms in Tazhong is 16.83d,is higher than Luntai,Minfeng and Hotan in the north and south fringe of Taklimakan Desert respectively;this phenomenon indicates that dust source is an influence factor of sandstorm occurrence in Taklimakan Desert;(2) There is a special stage with abrupt wind speed decline and wind direction turning before sandstorm occurrence;(3) Like in the fringe of Taklimkan Desert,the sandstorms in Tazhong can also be classified into five types,the type of eastern cold air mass invasion is a predominating one;(4)Sandstorm in Tazhong have a clear temporal variation and there is a clear trend to decline from 1990’s to beginning of 21 century corresponding with all stations in Xinjiang.更多还原