【摘要】 目的对来自中国3省5地的6种拟钉螺进行遗传变异研究,明确它们的亲缘关系,为拟钉螺的DNA分类提供依据。方法采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对6种拟钉螺进行PCR扩增,根据扩增产物琼脂糖凝胶电泳的带型,计算各地拟钉螺的遗传距离,并绘制系统进化树;观察比较6种拟钉螺的外部形态和生态环境,并结合RAPD实验分类结果进行综合分析讨论。结果RAPD技术可将6种拟钉螺分为4类:①秉氏拟钉螺和向氏拟钉螺;②洪山拟钉螺和新店拟钉螺;③十堰拟钉螺;④武鸣拟钉螺。外部形态和生态环境方面,秉氏拟钉螺与向氏拟钉螺、洪山拟钉螺与新店拟钉螺的外部形态及生态环境较为相似,其它螺种间则差异较大。结论6种拟钉螺在基因水平上存在差异,此差异与拟钉螺外部形态、生态因素等传统分类因素相关联。更多还原

【Abstract】 To analyze the genetic variations in 6 populations of Tricula collected from 5 districts of provinces of China and to investigate the phylogenetic relationship among them,the genomic DNAs of these strains of Tricula were amplified by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique,and the genetic distances of the tricula from various regions were calculated according to the types of bands of the amplified products on the agarose gel electrophoresis.Then,the phylogenetic tree was thereby mapped,and the DNA polymorphic bands detected were analyzed by clustering analysis with SPSS software.In addition,the exterior morphological features were observed and the ecological environments of different population of Tricula were analyzed.The populations of Tricula observed in the present study can be divided into 4 groups:(1)isolates from Hubei-Wufeng(T.pingi and T.hsiangi),(2) isolates from Hubei-Zhongxiang and Fujian-Xindin(T.hongshanensis and T.xindiangensis,(3) isolates from Hubei-Shiyan,(4) isolates from Guangxi-Wuming.The similarities in the exterior morphological features and the habitat environments exist between T. pingi and T.hsiangi as well as T.hongshanensis and T.xindiangensis.,while other populations show much diversity. It is concluded that the genetic differences of 6 populations of Tricula isolated from different area in China correlated in accord with the geographical and the exterior morphological features.更多还原