【摘要】 目的寻找中缅树鼩孟德尔性状的适宜纯化方法。方法以Rife-Buranamanas母子性状组合频率定律鉴别了中缅树鼩8种孟德尔性状的遗传机制;以群体遗传学和概率矩阵方法探讨了动物克隆、超数排卵与胚胎移植、“理想型横交”和多元测交四种选育体制对中缅树鼩驯化群孟德尔性状纯化和保持一般的遗传多样性的效率。结果在中缅树鼩基因组背景下,野生型毛色、暗色眶缘、白色腹毛、有季节性红斑、肉色掌底皮肤、非竖耳、圆尾和对称乳房是显性孟德尔特征;对于规模既定的群体而言,不同体制下一代间淘汰率之比也就是近交增量、基因多样度损失量之比;就性状纯化的效应而言,多元测交体制优于“理想型横交”。以普通果蝇(Drosophilamelanogaster)野生型和3个突变种为试验材料,模拟树鼩的纯化选育,取得了吻合于理论探讨的结果。结论本文认为多元测交体制是较好的纯化方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The purpose of this paper is seeking a suitable way for purifying Mendelian characters in Tupaia belaneri. MethodAccording to Rife-Buranamanas’s law about frequencies of trait combinations between females and their children, the genetic mechanism of 8 Mendelian characters in Tupaia belanger was discriminated. By means of population genetics and probability matrix, the efficiency of 4 different breeding systems (animal cloning, superovulation & embryo transfer, “breeding of hybrid animals with desirable phenotype in themselves” and multiple testcross) was explored. This was done while maintaining general genetic diversity and purifying the Mendelian characters in domesticating the colony of Tupaia belangeri. ResultThe results showed that, under the genome of Tupaia belangeri, the coating color of wild type, black orbit, white fur of abdomen, seasonal spot, flesh color of palm, flat ear, round tail and symmetry breast are dominant Mendelian characteristics; for populations with certain scale, the ratio of cull percentages between neighboring generations under different systems is also the ratio between inbreeding increments under these systems and losses of genetic heterozygosity under these systems. In regard to purification, a multiple crosstest was higher in efficiency than “breeding of hybrid animals with desirable phenotype in themselves”. The simulation test of the wild type and 3 mutation types of Drosophila melanogaster confirmed the results of the theoretical investigation. ConclusonThe paper presented deems the multiple crosstest breeding system is a better way for purifying.更多还原