【摘要】 【目的】探讨西藏栽培大麦变种的组成特点,揭示其地域分异规律。【方法】以马得泉大麦分类系统为基础,并根据笔者实地调查,对西藏栽培大麦变种组成和分布规律进行了研究。【结果】(1)西藏高原拥有栽培大麦601个变种。其中,二棱皮大麦13个变种,二棱裸大麦23个变种,中间型裸大麦7个变种;多棱皮大麦57个变种,多棱裸大麦501个变种。西藏栽培大麦变种组成具有明显的多棱、裸粒特点。(2)栽培大麦变种在相近海拔高度的分布,不同亚区间存在着明显的差异,集中分布于藏东南亚区、藏东北亚区和藏中亚区,而在其它亚区则相对较少。(3)栽培大麦变种在不同海拔高度的分布,在海拔2 500 m以下地区很少分布,在3 000～4 000 m高度带内为集中分布区,大于4 000 m以上时,栽培大麦变种的数量则逐渐减少。(4)对该地区9个亚区栽培大麦变种相似性分析显示,察隅-墨脱亚区与藏东南亚区的差异远大于东西方向的差异。【结论】伯舒拉岭-南迦巴瓦峰-多雄-马拉一线作为西藏冬大麦区与冬春大麦区之间的分界是符合客观实际的,西藏栽培大麦变种在组成上具有明显的多棱、裸粒性,在地理分布上具有明显的区域性。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】To explore composition features of Tibetan cultivated barley varieties and to shed light on distribution rules in different regions.【Method】This research is summarized based on Prof.Ma De-quan’s barley classification system and authors’ on-the-pot investigation.【Result】There are total of 601 cultivated barley varieties,which includes 13 varieties of two-rowed husky barley,23 varieties of two-rowed naked ones,7 of four-rowed naked ones,57 of six-rowed husked ones and 501 of six-rowed naked ones.They express agronomic traits of both six-rowed and naked barley grain.In areas with closer elevation,the cultivated barley variety distribution exhibits evident difference in different sub-regions and concentrates in southeast,northeast and central sub-region of Tibet but scatters in other areas.With elevation rising gradually,the distribution changes in a particular pattern: barley varieties distribute sparsely in the area lower than 2 500 m,distribute in a concentrated way in the regions of 3 000-4 000 m elevation,distribute gradually less when elevation reaches higher than 4 000 m.The analysis of 9 sub-regions’ cultivated barley variety similarity shows that varieties similarity between Zayu-Motuo sub-region and southeast one is much more different from that of the east-west direction one.【Conclusion】The cultivated barley varieties composition and geographic distribution rules have proved the line of Boshula Mountains-Nanjiabawa Peak-Puoxiong la-Mala a correct boundary as winter barley and spring-winter barley regions.更多还原