【摘要】 微量元素营养失衡已成为影响人类健康的最重要因素之一,给个人和整个社会医疗体系带来沉重的负担。植物育种策略,尤其是籽粒富集微量元素的谷物育种被认为是克服微量元素营养失衡的最经济和有效的途径。现有的研究已证实,在水稻基因组中存在控制籽粒高微量元素含量的基因位点,并且籽粒中微量元素含量的增加不仅不会影响到水稻产量,而且当种植于微量元素缺乏的土壤中,籽粒富集微量元素水稻品种的产量高于普通水稻。本文在概述水稻籽粒微量元素含量的遗传差异、环境效应的基础上,着重介绍了水稻籽粒微量元素含量的遗传、遗传相关和分子机理的研究现状以及籽粒富集微量元素水稻种质鉴定、筛选与创新现状,并提出今后以提高水稻籽粒微量元素含量为目标的功能性水稻研究的内容和方向为:提高水稻籽粒中微量元素的生物有效性,加强籽粒富集微量元素水稻种质的鉴定与筛选,进行籽粒微量元素积累的分子机理研究,积极开展籽粒富集微量元素的种质创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 Malnutrion of trace minerals has been one of most essential causes of harm to human health,resulting in egregious costs including lower learning and work efficiency,higher morbidity and healthcare costs,excessive utilization of social medical resources and national economic resources.Plant breeding strategy,especially mineral content grain breeding,is regarded as the most economical and sustainable approach to overcome mineral malnutrition.Available researches have demonstrated that enrichment traits of trace minerals in rice seed are available within the genome of rice and could be substantially increased in the levels of trace minerals without negatively impacting yield.Furthermore,yield of variety with high trace minerals content in rice seed was higher than general variety when sowed in soils with poor trace minerals.In this paper,current researches on the genetic difference and environment influence of rice trace minerals content,especially on the inheritance,genetic relationship and molecular mechanism of rice trace minerals content,and the identification,screening and prebreeding of rice germplasm with high trace minerals content were reviewed.Further functional rice research strategies and approaches for high trace minerals content were aimed to enhance the bioavailability of trace minerals in rice seed.The study emphasized the identification and screening of rice germplasm of high trace mineral content,conducting the molecular mechanism study of trace minerals enrichment,and actively prebreeding new rice germplasms with high trace minerals content.更多还原