【摘要】 目的探讨小麦-玉米轮作方式下长期不同施肥方式和施肥量对潮土土壤磷素积累与利用。方法采用14年28季长期肥料试验。结果不施磷肥土壤每年接收外源P2.4～3.1kg·ha-1,作物带走P16.7～21.6kg·ha-1,每年亏缺P14.3～18.5kg·ha-1;施磷肥处理除每年无机磷肥带进78kg·ha-1和107kg·ha-1(1.5MNPK)外,有机肥、秸秆、雨水及灌溉水和种子带进土壤P2.7～134kg·ha-1,其中9.2%～38.3%被小麦、玉米吸收利用,14年小麦的磷素累积利用率在4.4%～51%之间,高低顺序为:NPK>NP>SNPK>MNPK>1.5MNPK>PK;玉米在13.4%～36.1%之间,高低顺序为:1.5MNPK>SNPK>NPK>NP>MNPK>PK。结论磷素施入越多,残留在土壤中越多,磷素利用率越低,其中38%～60%转化为0～40cm土层全磷,6.7%～13.6%转化为有效态磷,有机肥处理磷的有效化高于无机肥;40%～62%成为非测定磷,即至少有40%～62%的外源磷素被浪费。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Nine fertilization treatments including fertilizers,manure,maize straw on nutrient balance and nutrient efficiency in wheat-maize rotation system were studied.【Method】 Long-term fertilization experiments in alluvial soil were started in 1990 in experimental farm in Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhengzhou of China’s Hennan Province.【Result】The results showed that the mean inputs of P was 2.4-3.1 kg·ha-1,and 16.7-21.6 kg·ha-1 of P were absorbed by wheat and maize,thus resulting in the shortage of 14.3-18.5 kg·ha-1 of P nutrient,annually in treatments without P fertilizer application after 14 years of wheat-maize rotation.Except 78 kg·ha-1 and 107 kg·ha-1(1.5MNPK)of P nutrient from P fertilizer,the P nutrient from manure,maize straw,rain water and irrigations,seeds were about 2.7-134 kg·ha-1 entered into soil annually,in which 9.2%-38.3% were recovered by wheat and maize.The accumulated recovery rate of P in wheat was 4.4%-50.8%,varied greatly with different fertilization,the order was:NPK>NP>SNPK>MNPK>1.5MNPK>PK;The accumulated recovery rate of P in maize was 13.4%-36.1%,and the order was:1.5MNPK> SNPK>NPK> NP> MNPK>PK.【Conclusion】 It is concluded that the more the amount of P nutrient input,the lower the P use efficiency.Among the P entered in soil,there were appropriately 52-210 kg·ha-1 of P accumulated in 0-40 cm soil annually,38%-60% changed into soil total P(H2SO4-HClO4 method),6.7%-13.6% transformed into available-P with more in manure and less in inorganic fertilization treatments;At least 40%-62% of phosphate were extravagant.更多还原