【摘要】 目的探讨患者术前、输血前检测对医务人员职业暴露在医院感染控制中的意义。方法对2003~2004年间10 754例术前、输血前的患者进行乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎抗体(抗-HCV)、艾滋病抗体(抗-HIV)、甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)检测分析。结果检出HBsAg阳性1 163例,阳性率10.81%;抗-HCV阳性21例,阳性率0.20%;抗-HIV阳性1例,阳性率0.01%,经省疾病预防控制中心HIV确认实验室确证;TRUST阳性74例,阳性率0.69%,经明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPHA)确证;重叠感染多为HBV和HCV重叠感染及HBV和梅毒的重叠感染;消化科为乙型肝炎的高发科室(χ2=4.77,P<0.05),妇科为潜伏梅毒的高发科室(2χ=6.98,P<0.01)。结论术前、输血前检测经血传播性疾病可事先知悉患者的感染情况,对医务人员职业暴露防治、对医院感染控制、日后减少医患纠纷具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE To investigate the pre-operation and/or pre-transfusion testing on patients to avoid risk of(occupational) infection exposure among medical staff and its significance in prevention of nosocomial infection.METHODS Serum hepatitis B(virus surface) antigen(HBsAg),antibody against hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV),(antibody) against human(immunodeficiency) virus(anti-HIV) and toluidine red unheatedserum test(TRUST) were performed on samples from 10 745 cases of pre-operation and/or pre-transfusion from 2003 to 2004.RESULTS The number and(percentage) of positive reaction for HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and TRUST were 1163,(10.81%);21,0.20%;1,0.01%(confirmed by HIV Reference Laboratory,Center for Disease Prevention and(Control) of Zhejiang Province) and 74,(0.69%),respectively.TRUST positivity was further confirmed with TPHA.(Overlapping) infections were mostly observed between HBV and HCV,or,to a less scale,between HBV and syphilis.For HBV infection the(department) of digestive medicine was prevalent(χ~2=4.77,P<0.05);while incidence of latent syphilis was high in department of gynecology(χ~2=6.98,P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS Patient status of infection can be beforehand acknowledged through pre-operation and/or pre-transfusion testing.(Meanwhile) it′s very important to perform(pre-operation) and/or pre-transfusion test on patients to reduce medical staff′s occupational exposure to risks of infection,control nosocomial infection and prevent afterward occurrence of controversy between medical staff and patient.更多还原