【摘要】 目的研究正压送风过滤式防护装备的过滤效率和送风量对其微环境的影响。方法采用模拟病毒(大肠杆菌噬菌体f2)雾化生物气溶胶进行高效空气过滤器过滤效率的测定;在夏季进行4kmh行走速度的模拟作业,考察不同送风量对装备微环境内的氧、二氧化碳含量和温度、湿度的影响;在3家定点医院进行临床试用。结果高效空气过滤器可滤除空气中99.99%模拟病毒。送风量在75～125Lmin范围时,防护装备微环境内氧含量为19.6%～20.1%(健康人生理安全限值要求不低于14.6%)、二氧化碳含量为0.43%～0.57%(健康人生理安全限值要求不高于1.0%);温度为32.0℃～32.2℃、湿度为49.7%～59.4%(健康人生理安全限值是温度31℃、湿度85%或温度38℃、湿度50%)。各项指标均能够满足健康人正常工作负荷时的生理要求。经试用,临床医护人员感觉整体防护性良好,不憋气,视窗不起雾,无医护人员感染。结论该医用防护装备的微环境能满足健康人正常工作负荷的生理需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the filtration efficiency of a positive pressure powered air purifying medical protective equipment and the effect of the flow rate on the microenvironment of the equipment. Methods The filtration efficiency of high efficiency particulate air（HEPA） filter was measured with the biologic aerosol of simulating virus（Escherichia coli bacteriophage f₂）.The simulation work was done at the walk rate of 4 km/h in summer.The effect of the flow rate on the oxygen content,the carbon dioxide content,the temperature and the humidity of the microenvironment of the equipment was investigated.The clinical experiments were conducted in three appointed hospital for fighting against SARS. Results The HEPA filter could filtrate 99.99% simulating viruses in the air.When the flow rate ranged from 75 to 125 L/min,the microenvironment parameters of the equipment were:the oxygen content was between 19.6% and 20.1%（the physiological safety limit is more than 14.6%）;the carbon dioxide content ranged from 0.43% to 0.57%（the physiological safety limit is less than 1.0%）; the temperature was between 32.0 ℃to 32.2 ℃;the humidity ranged from 49.7% to 59.4%（the physiological safety limit is the temperature 31 ℃ and the humidity 85% or temperature 38 ℃ and humidity 50%）.Each microenvironment parameter met the demand of a healthy person under the normal workload.In the clinical experiments,the doctors wearing the equipment who performed the tracheotomy for a SARS patient in a deep coma were not infected. Conclusion The medical protective equipment can protect the doctor and nurse in SARS contaminated areas effectively and improve their work conditions.更多还原