【摘要】 以茄子黄萎菌为供试菌种,研究了54种天然植物的乙醇提取液对茄黄萎菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,有15种植物提取物对茄子黄萎菌菌丝生长抑制率大于50%,其中细辛、黄连、厚朴、儿茶、苦参、甘草、蛇床子、桔梗、洋葱的提取物对供试菌菌丝生长抑制作用较强,抑制效果均在65%以上,蛇床子的抑菌率达86.84%.有16种植物提取物对病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用大于70%,其中7种植物提取物对孢子萌发的抑制率大于95%以上,细辛、黄连、厚朴基本上抑制了孢子的萌发.儿茶提取物对菌丝生长的抑制效果较差,但却显著抑制了孢子萌发,抑制率达100%.蛇床子提取物虽然抑菌效果较高,但其处理的孢子萌发率为11.3%.研究发现天然植物提取物中存在着抑制黄萎菌的活性物质,这为生物防治黄萎病和进一步研究蔬菜抗病增产理论提供了新的思路与途径.更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper studied the inhibitory effects of 54 kinds of ethanol-extracted plant solutions on Verticillium albo-atrum. The results showed that 15 kinds of these extracts could inhibit the growth of verticillium albo-atrum mycelium, with an inhibitory rate more than 50%, among which, the inhibitory rate of Asarum sieboldii, Coptis chinensis, Magnolia officinalis, Acacia catechu, Sophora flavescens, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cnidium monnieri, Platycodon grandiflorum and Allium cepa. extracts was higher than 65%, and that of Cnidium monnieri extract reached 86.84%. A total of 16 kinds of plant extracts decreased the spore germination of V. albo-atrum, with the inhibitory rate higher than 70%, and there were 7 kinds of plant extracts whose inhibitory rate reached 95%. Almost no spore bourgeon was found after treated with Asarum sieboldii, Coptis chinensis, and Magnolia officinalis extracts. The extract of Acacia catechu did not inhibit the growth of mycelium, but restrained the spore germination by 100%. Cnidium monnieri extract could strongly inhibit the growth of mycelium, but had a less effect on spore germination rate (only by 11.3%). The active substances found in natural plant extracts which had the inhibitory effects on pathogen brought us a new and promising method to deal with V. albo-atrum and other vegetable diseases.更多还原