【摘要】 目的:应用Heath-Carter法分析辽西地区汉族农村青少年的体型发育特点与规律。方法:于2003-06随机选择辽西地区周边农村普通中学的14～19岁汉族男女中学生575名(男293名,女282名)为测量对象。每岁为一组,由于18,19岁年龄组例数偏少,故把两组合并,每个年龄组按性别又分男、女两个小组,每小组测量人数不低于50人。由专人负责按Heath-Carter体型法进行指标测量和计算。10项测量指标分别是身高、体质量、上臂紧张围、小腿围、肱骨和股骨内外上髁间径、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、髂前上棘皮褶厚度、腓肠肌皮褶厚度,测试数据按年龄、性别在微机中建立数据库。依次计算出各年龄组的内因子、中因子、外因子、体型图上的X,Y坐标值、身高体质量比、体型位置均数、两体型点间距离、体脂率和各类体型分布频数等。并与国内其他群体进行比较。结果:575人的各项指标均被测得,全部进入结果分析。①体型特征:男生平均体型值为3.6-3.2-3.5,属中间型;女生平均体型值为4.7-2.5-3.1,属偏外胚层的内胚层体型。男生体型有16.6%分布在偏内胚层的外胚层体型,14.5%分布在中间型,10.0%分布在外胚层-内胚层均衡体型;女生体型集中分布在偏外胚层的内胚层体型(27.3%),偏中胚层的内胚层体型(20.6%),均衡内胚层体型(17.1%),偏内胚层的外胚层体型(11.9%),外胚层-内胚层均衡体型(10.5%)。②体型频数的变化提示男生体型分布较分散,而女生体型分布较集中。③体型的年龄变化:在三角体型图上,5个年龄组的体型点男生呈逆时针方向排列在内、中、外胚层的中间区域;女生的体型点略呈8字型排列在内胚层区。④性别差异:女生内因子值占优势,而中、外因子值男生大于女生。各年龄组的男女体型均存在显著差异(P<0.05,0.001)。⑤辽西汉族农村青少年体型与国内其他地区汉族群体的体型比较男生内因子值偏高,中、外因子值偏低;女生内中外因子值均处于中等水平。结论:辽西地区农村汉族青少年骨骼、肌肉中等发达,体脂较多,身体线性度尚佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM: To analyze the characteristics and the regularity of somatotype growth of the rural adolescents of Han nationality by Heath-Carter method in the west of Liaoning Province. METHODS: A total of 575 students (293 males and 282 females) of Han nationality and aged 14-19 years were selected from the rural middle schools in the west of Liaoning Province in June 2003. Taking every one year as a group and combining 18 and 19 years into one group due to few samples, those students in every age group were grouped in terms of sex, with the number of no less than 50 in each. The indexes were measured and calculated by professionals according to Heath-Carter anthropometry. The ten indexes were body height, body mass, contractive girth of the upper arm, leg girth, internal and external epicondylar diameters of the femur and humerus, skinfold thickness of triceps brachii, anterior superior iliac spine, inferior angle of scapula and gastrocnemius. The database of students was set up by age and sex in computer. The endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy, coordinates numerical value of X and Y in somatotype plot, ratio of body height to body mass, somatotype attitudinal means, blood lipid rate and distribution frequencies of various somatotypes were calculated in each group and the results were compared with other groups at home. RESULTS: All the indexes of 575 subjects were measured and involved into the result analysis.①The somatotype characters of rural adolescents: The mean somatotype for males was 3.6-3.2-3.5 belong to middle, while for females was 4.7-2.5-3.1 and was ectomorphic endomorphy. The major somatotypes for males were endomorphic ectomorphy (16.6%), middle (14.5%) and ecto-endomorph (10.0%); and those for females were ectomorphic endomorphy (27.3%), mesomorphic endomorphy (20.6%), balanced endomorphy (17.1%), endomorphic ectomorphy (11.9%) and ecto-endomorph (10.5%).②The changes of somatotype frequency showed that the somatotype distribution of the rural males was dispersive whereas that of females was centralized.③The age variety of the rural subjects: The average somatotype dots of the males in five groups distributed in the middle area by anti-clockwise. Females distributed in the endomorphic area by the shape of "8".④The gender difference of the adolescents somatotypes: The endomorphic factor was dominant in females, whereas the mesomorphic and ectomorphic factors in males were abundant than those in females. The males and the females had significant sexual differences (P < 0.05, 0.001).⑤Comparison with other Hans: The rural males of Han nationality in the west of Liaoning province presented higher value of endomorphic factor and lower levels of mesomorphic and ectomorphic factors, whereas the females showed middle levels of the three factors, compared with other Hans. CONCLUSION: The rural adolescents of Han nationality in the west of Liaoning Province have more body fat, middle stronger levels of skeleton and muscles and good figure.更多还原