【摘要】 目的:对不同背景的女大学生的心理健康水平进行比较,可以针对女大学生心理健康教育的重点,提高教育效率。方法:于2006-02整群随机抽取四川理工学院800名女大学生为调查对象。采用症状自评量表测评心理健康水平,它共包含90个项目,包括躯体化、强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性及附加项10大类。每项按严重程度分为1～5级评分,即无、轻度、中度、相当重、严重。分数越高,心理健康水平越低。以团体测试的方法进行,采取统一指导语,并由主试简单说明测验的目的和意义,全部参试者在规定的时间(30min)交卷。结果:发放问卷800份,回收有效问卷782份。其中城镇来源420名,农村来源362名;独生子女644名,非独生子女138名;学生干部220名,非学生干部562名;文科类350名,理工科类318名,艺术类114名。①女大学生症状自评量表的全部因子得分都显著高于全国青年的平均水平(躯体化:1.50±0.52,1.34±0.45;强迫症状:1.98±0.59,1.69±0.61;人际敏感:1.85±0.61,1.76±0.67;抑郁:1.84±0.65,1.57±0.61;焦虑:1.63±0.56,1.42±0.43;敌对:1.72±0.59,1.50±0.57;恐怖:1.47±0.50,1.33±0.47;偏执:1.69±0.59,1.52±0.60;精神病性:1.58±0.53,1.36±0.47;附加项:1.68±0.54,1.33±0.45,P均<0.001)。②城镇来源女大学生除了在敌对、精神病性得分稍低于农村来源女大学生外,其余因子得分均高于农村来源女大学生,但所有因子得分比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③独生子女各因子得分均显著低于非独生子女,差异有显著性(P<0.001)。④除了强迫症状、敌对、恐怖、精神病性及附加项外,在量表的其他因子得分上,非学生干部都显著高于学生干部(P<0.05～0.001)。⑤文科、理工科、艺术类女大学生症状自评量表各因子得分除人际敏感外各因子差异不存在显著性(F=3.194,P<0.05)。两两比较发现,文科女大学生人际敏感、抑郁因子得分明显高于艺术类,差异有显著性(1.90±0.65,1.76±0.57;1.92±0.70,1.77±0.62,P<0.05),其他各因子比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。文科和理工科、理工科和艺术类女大学生症状自评量表各因子得分比较差异无显著性(P<0.05)。结论:①女大学生的心理健康存在明显的问题。②独生子女、学生干部心理健康状况较好。③不同来源和不同学科类别大学生心理健康水平无差别。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM:To compare the psychological health status among female college students of different background,and enhance the efficiency in education by aiming at the key points in psychological health education on female college students.METHODS:800 female college students were selected from Sichuan College of Science and Technology in February 2006 by clustering sampling.Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)was adopted to evaluate the psychological health,including 90 items:Somatization,compulsion,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobia,paranoid and schizophrenia as well as additional item.According to the severity,there were 5 grades for each item,i.e.none,slight,moderate,severe,severer.The higher the score was,the worse the psychological health was.Subjects were evaluated in group,and unified instruction was used.All subjects were required to filled in the questionnaire within 30 minutes after the simple explanation of the aim and significance of test by the tester.RESULTS:A total of 800 questionnaires were sent out,and 782 valid ones were recollected,including 420 town subjects,362 countryside subjects;644 only-child and 138 non-only child;220 student cadres,562 non-student cadres;350 students major in science,318 students major in technology,114 students major in arts.① The scores of all factors in SCL-90 were higher in female students than the average score of youth in nation(somatization:1.98±0.59,1.69±0.61;interpersonal sensitivity:1.85±0.61,1.76±0.67;depression:1.84±0.65,1.57±0.61;anxiety:1.63±0.56,1.42±0.43;hostility:1.72±0.59,1.50±0.57;phobia:1.47±0.50,1.33±0.47;paranoid:1.69±0.59,1.52±0.60;schizophrenia:1.58±0.53,1.36±0.47;additional factor:1.68±0.54,1.33±0.45,P all < 0.001).② Except the scores of hostility and schizophrenia,the scores of other factors in female college students from town were higher than those of female college students come from the countryside,while there were no significant differences in comparison of scores on factors(P > 0.05).③ All scores of only child were significantly lower than those of non-only child,and the differences were remarkable(P < 0.001).④ Except the scores of compulsion,hostility,phobia,schizophrenia and additional factor,the scores of other factors in non-student cadres were markedly higher than those of student cadres(P < 0.05-0.001).⑤ There were no significant differences in the scores of all factors among female college students major in sciences,technology and arts(F=3.194,P < 0.05).Comparison between each two indicated that the scores of international sensitivity and depression in female college students major in sciences were obviously than those of students majors in arts(1.90±0.65,1.76±0.57;1.92±0.70,1.77±0.62,P < 0.05),while there was no marked difference in other factors(P > 0.05).There were no significant differences in the SCL-90 score between female college students major in sciences and technology,neither between those major in technology and arts(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:① Female college students obviously suffer from psychological problems.② The psychological status is better in only child and student cadres.③ There are no differences in psychological health among college students,who are from different place with different major.更多还原