【摘要】 目的:调查中山市酒依赖、慢性酒中毒患者的心理、文化背景及生活方式的特点。方法:于2003-06/2005-04选择中山市埠湖医院门诊和住院确诊的符合CCMD-Ⅲ酒依赖、慢性酒中毒的诊断标准的酒依赖、慢性酒中毒汉族男性患者57例为酒依赖组,对照组为护送患者来就医且与患者无血缘关系的男性陪同人员57人。采用自制的社会文化及生活方式问卷、饮酒情况筛选表和心理问题问卷进行问卷调查。社会文化及生活方式问卷包括患者的一般情况、家庭类型、经济状况、父母亲文化、家族史及患者的性格特点。饮酒情况筛选表包括患者的饮酒量、躯体损害、精神损害和社会损害共16项,第1、2条为一天的饮酒量和连续半月的饮酒量,其中一条回答肯定,同时3～16条中至少一条回答肯定即为筛查阳性,统计其总分并与对照组比较。心理问题问卷包括好奇、被引诱、不顺心、虚荣心、寻求刺激、迎合社交需要、追随大众心理、感到好玩、为了减轻躯体疾病痛苦、生理需要等10条。记数资料采用百分率表示,行χ2检验;计量资料采用x±s表示,行t检验。结果:酒依赖组和对照组均完成问卷调查。全部进入结果分析。①酒依赖组与对照组在文化程度(χ2=7.506,P=0.023)、婚姻(χ2=7.723,P=0.021)、职业(χ2=37.774,P=0.000)、父亲文化(χ2=11.623,P=0.003)、母亲文化(χ2=22.562,P=0.000)、生活规律性(χ2=33.886,P=0.000)、家族史(χ2=12.974,P=0.000)等项差异有显著性意义。酒依赖组患者与对照组在年龄、排行、长期居住地、家庭类型、家庭经济、社会活动、兴趣爱好、性格特点等项的差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②酒依赖组饮酒情况筛选表总分显著高于对照组,差异有显著性意义[(8.143±2.125),(2.000±0.817)分,t=17.669,P=0.000]。③酒依赖组饮酒的原因在好奇、不顺心、寻求刺激、迎合社交需要、追随大众心理、为了减轻躯体疾病痛苦及生理需要各项的人数明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:社会文化因素、个人心理问题、饮酒量、饮酒频度是酒依赖、慢性酒中毒的主要因素,应将认知、行为和文化等因素有机地结合起来进行干预以减少酒依赖、慢性酒中毒造成的损害。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the characteristics in psychology,cultural background and life style of patients with alcohol dependence and chronic alcoholism. METHODS: Fifty-seven male out-patients and inpatients with alcohol dependence and chronic alcoholism from July 2003 to April 2005,who were in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of CCMD-Ⅲ were selected from Buhu Hospital of Zhongshan and taken as the alcohol dependence group. Another 57 males who had no blood relationship with above-mentioned 57 patients were taken as the normal control group. Self-designed Family Environment Questionnaire,State of Drinking Alcohol and Questions of Psychology were adopted to conduct investigation. Family Environment Questionnaire included general state,homestyle,economic status,parent’s culture,family history and the characteristics of patients. State of Drinking Alcohol included drink amount,body,mental and society harmfulness in totally 16 items. The first and second items were about the drinking amount in one day and continuous half a month. The patient was diagnosed as positive if he got a "yes" in the first two items and got at least a "yes" in 3-16 items. The total score of patients were studied and compared with the control group. There were 10 items in the Questions of Psychology Questionnaire,including curiosity,being lured,unhappy,vanity,seeking for stimulus,social intercourse,psychology of following others,feeling fun,allay the diseases and physiological requirement. The data was expressed by percentage and dealt with χ2 test. The measurement data were expressed by Mean ± SD and t test was conducted. RESULTS: All subjects were involved in the analysis of results,who all had accomplished the questionnaires.①There were significant differences in the following items between the alcohol dependence group and control group: educational degree(χ2= 7.506,P =0.023),marriage (χ2= 7.723,P =0.021),profession(χ2 =37.774,P = 0.000),father’s education(χ2= 11.623,P = 0.003),mother’s education(χ2= 22.562,P = 0.000),regularity in life (χ2= 33.886,P = 0.000),family history (χ2 = 12.974,P= 0.000). There were not significant differences between the two groups in the following items: seniority among brothers and sisters,long-term dwelling place,homestyle,economic status,characteristic,society activity,preference and so on (P > 0.05).②The total score of the State of Drinking Alcohol was remarkably higher in the alcohol-dependence group than that in the control group (8.143±2.125),(2.000±0.817) points,t=17.669,P=0.000.③Patients in the alcohol-dependence group drank for curiosity,unhappy,seeking for stimulation,catering to the intercourse,psychology of following others,relieving disease and psychological requirement were greater in number than that in the control group,and the differences were significant (P < 0.05=. CONCLUSION: Factors of social culture,individual psychological problems,drinking amount and drinking frequency are main causes of alcohol dependence and chronic alcoholism. Therefore,it is necessary to interfere patients from aspects of recognition,behavior and culture etc,so as to reduce the lesion caused by alcohol dependence and chronic alcoholism.更多还原