【摘要】 目的:观察运动营养和负荷调整两种方法对柔道运动员训练后运动功能指标和疲劳指标的改善效果。方法:选择广东省柔道队和深圳市柔道队男队员各10名,在2006-01/03连续3个月时间里,用同一教学计划进行训练。每周测定一次运动功能指标(血红蛋白、红细胞压积、睾酮)和疲劳指标(肌酸激酶、血尿素氮)。当发现运动功能指标下降超过个体15%,或疲劳指标肌酸激酶、血尿素氮上升分别超过8.335μkat/L,8.3mmol/L时,处理方法如下:①深圳市柔道队:给与相应的运动营养品(均不含兴奋剂)进行调控。当运动员血红蛋白、红细胞压积下降时就配给海默飞生血片(瑞典卡洛林斯卡医学院研制,含富马酸铁、叶酸、硒、锌和血红蛋白粉),同时服用伟特糖泵和伟特乳清蛋白(瑞典卡宝梅尔公司产)。当运动员睾酮值下降时就给服用雄鹿精华渗透泵(美国威尔金公司产,含鹿茸活性因子)和植物提取物激力皂甙(美国产)。②广东省柔道队:只采取训练负荷的调整,不给任何运动营养。干预1周后重新测定上述指标。结果:20名运动员均进入结果分析。①运动功能指标:深圳市柔道队干预1周后血红蛋白、红细胞压积和睾酮较恢复前分别升高(12±6)g/L,(5.0±0.1)%,(4.3±1.7)nmol/L,恢复前后比较差异显著(P<0.05);广东省柔道队各指标恢复前后比较差异不显著(P>0.05);深圳市柔道队各指标干预1周后和恢复前的差值均高于广东省柔道队(P<0.05)。②疲劳指标:干预1周后肌酸激酶活性和血尿素氮浓度与恢复前比较,深圳市柔道队分别下降了(3.12±1.08)μkat/L,(1.9±0.5)mmol/L,广东省柔道队分别下降了(2.42±0.60)μkat/L,(1.6±0.4)mmol/L,恢复前后比较差异均显著(P<0.05),两队之间的恢复差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论:①在运动员血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血睾酮下降超过个体的15%时,补充相关运动营养的恢复比减少训练负荷的恢复要更为有效些。②在肌酸激酶、血尿素氮上升分别超过8.335μkat/L,8.3mmol/L时服用运动营养和减少训练负荷均能使肌酸激酶和血尿素氮恢复,效果接近。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM: To observe the improved effect of sport functional parameter and fatigue index in judo athletes after training with athletic nutrition and loading adjustment. METHODS: A total of 10 male athletes from Guangdong provincial judo team and 10 male athletes from Shenzhen municipal judo team were enrolled. The same training was performed from January to March 2006. Sport functional indexes [haemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT), testosterone] and fatigue indexes [creatinkinase (CK) and blood urea nitrogen] were detected every week. If the decrease of sport functional indexes exceeded 15% of individuals or the increases of CK and blood urea nitrogen exceeded 8.335 μkat/L, 8.3 mmol/L, the management methods were as follows: ①The regulation was performed in athletes of Shenzhen municipal judo team by giving athletic nutrition (did not contain excitant). When the HGB and HCT decreased, the athletes were given Haimofei pill (designed by Sweden Kaluolinsika Medical College, containing ircon, folic acid, selenium, zinc and powder of haematoglobin), at the same time also received Weite glucose and Weite lactalbumin (produced by Sweden Kabao Meier Company). When the testosterone value of athletes reduced, they received stag distillate osmotic pump (produced by American Weirjin Company, containing active factor of cornu cervi parvum) and plant extract Jili saponin (produced in America). ②Guangdong provincial judo team: The athletes only received regulation of training loading, without any athletic nutrition. Above-mentioned indexes were determined again 1 week after intervention. RESULTS: Totally 20 athletes were involved in the result analysis. ①Sport functional indexes: The levels of HGB, HCT and testosterone increased (12±6)g/L,(5.0±0.1)%,(4.3±1.7)nmol/L, respectively 1 week after intervention in the Shenzhen municipal judo team. The difference was significant before and after recovery (P < 0.05). The difference was insignificant in each index in the Guangdong provincial judo team before and after recovery(P > 0.05). The difference of each index in the Shenzhen municipal judo team 1 week after intervention and before recovery was higher than that in the Guangdong provincial judo team (P < 0.05). ②Fatigue indexes: After 1-week intervention, activity of CK and concentration of blood urea nitrogen decreased by (3.12±1.08) μkat/L,(1.9±0.5) mmol/L, respectively in the Shenzhen municipal judo team, and decreased by (2.42±0.60) μkat/L,(1.6±0.4) mmol/L, respectively in the Guangdong provincial judo team. The difference was significant before and after recovery (P < 0.05). The recovery difference was insignificant between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ①When the decreases of HGB, HCT and blood testosterone levels exceed 15% of individuals, the compensation of athletic nutrition can gain better recovery as compared with decreasing training loading. ②When the increases of CK and blood urea nitrogen exceed 8.335 μkat/L, 8.3 mmol/L, compensation of athletic nutrition and decrease of training loading can recover the levels of CK and blood urea nitrogen, and the effects are similar.更多还原