【摘要】 背景:传统的20G经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割手术虽可以改善玻璃体视网膜疾病的治疗预后,但手术损伤较大,并发症多。目的:探讨25G经结膜免缝合玻璃体切割系统用于黄斑部手术的实用性和安全性,总结微创玻璃体切割术初步的临床经验。设计:病例分析。单位:武装警察部队总医院眼科,北京中日友好医院眼科,香港中文大学眼科及视觉科学系,香港威尔斯亲王医院眼科。对象:选取2003-07/2004-07武装警察部队总医院眼科收治的16例黄斑疾病患者(16眼)为观察对象,16例患者均为单眼发病,黄斑前膜9例,特发性黄斑裂孔3例,外伤性黄斑裂孔2例,玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征2例;患病时间3～36个月,术前视力0.06～0.4之间。方法:16例患者术前进行眼科专科检查,包括视力检查、Amsler表检查、裂隙灯检查、散瞳眼底检查、眼压测量。对黄斑裂孔患者行光相干断层扫描检查。手术应用25G经结膜免缝合玻璃体切割系统,均在局部麻醉下行微创玻璃体切割术。切割速率1500次/min,灌注瓶高度40～50cm,吸引负压为550mmHg,手术中眼压维持在29～35mmHg。术中用特制套管针颞上、颞下和鼻上象限做经结膜的三个长为0.5mm的巩膜穿刺口,并留置经结膜的套管。将灌注管的管头插入颞下方的套管,建立灌注。25G玻璃体切割头等内眼操作用的器械均从鼻上或颞上方留置的两个套管出入,进行玻璃体切割、剥膜等眼内操作。术毕拔除套管,除非泄露不止,不缝合球结膜和巩膜穿刺口。术后对全部患者进行3～18个月随访。主要观察指标:①手术所需时间,术中建立“三通道”的时间。②手术前后患者眼压的变化。③内眼操作结束后患者穿刺口漏水情况。④术后患者视力、并发症、裂孔封闭情况。结果:纳入实验的16例患者全部进入结果分析。①16例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间28～56min,平均手术时间37min。建立手术“三通道”所需要的时间平均为84s,关闭手术切口需要的时间平均为32s。②术前眼压平均为16.4mmHg,术后第1天、第1周、第1个月的平均眼压分别为13.5,15.5,17.9mmHg。③内眼操作结束后,16例患者中共3例患者4个穿刺口漏水。经2mL型一次性注射器从原穿刺口注射1.0～2.0mL消毒空气入眼球后,3个穿刺口闭合,泄漏停止,但仍有1个穿刺口漏水,用6-0可吸收线缝合。④术后平均住院时间为5d。16例患者中共14例术后视力提高,平均提高3行视标,其中5例患者视力恢复到0.8以上,8例患者视物变形消失,3例视物变形减轻;剩余2例患者术后视力无提高。无低眼压及其他手术并发症。5例患者黄斑裂孔均达到了临床封闭。结论:25G经结膜免缝合玻璃体切割系统能够简化玻璃体切割手术操作,可减少手术损伤及术后并发症,使手术时间缩短,患者恢复快。更多还原

【Abstract】 BACKGROUND:Although the conventional 20 G pars plana vitrectomy can improve the prognosis of vitreous-retina diseases,but it would also cause serious operation related injury and much complications.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the practicability and safety of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system (TSV25G) in the macular surgery, so as to elicit the preliminary clinical experience of mimimally invasive vitrectomy system.DESIGN:Case analysisSETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Sino-Japen Friendship Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong KongPARTICIPANTS: From July 2003 to July 2004, 16 patients with macular diseases were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology in the General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and taken as subjects (n=16), they were confirmed as epiretinal membrane in 9 eyes, idiopathic macular hole in 3 eyes, traumatic macular hole in 2 eyes and vitreo-macular tractional syndrome in 2 eyes. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 36 months with eyesight varied between 0.06 and 0.4.METHODS: 16 eyes underwent preoperative ophthalmic evaluation including visual acuity measurement, Amsler chart test, slit lamp microscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy tonometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For the macular hole patients OCT was performed. 25-gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy System (TSV25G) was used to carry on minimally invasive surgery under anesthesia state, the surgical parameter was set as: high speed cutter with rate of 1500 cuts per minute, BSS bottle was hang at height of 40-50 cm, the maximum aspiration of TSV25G was 550 mm Hg with the intraocular pressure remained at around 29-35 mmHg during the operation. Three-beveled trocar were used to make three-transconjunctival incision on sclera of about 0.5 mm long respectively in the infratemporal, superotemporal, and supraotemporal quandrants, meanwhile a transconjunctival cannula was placed. One end of the infusion tube was inserted into the infratemporal cannula to establish infusion with the other two cannulas used for the intraocular operation with 25-gauge vitreous cutter and other instruments, such as vitreoectomy and membrane dislocation. The surgery was terminated by removing the cannula except for ceaseless leak, the conjunctival and scleral incision were not sutured. Patients received follow-up examination for 1-12 months postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① The operative time and the time for the establishment of three access. ② Changes of intraocular pressure after operation. ③ The effusion from the puncture after the intraocular performance. ④ The postoperative vision, operative complication and the sealing of the holes. RESULTS:All of the 16 patients completed the vitrectomy and entered the data analysis.①16 patients complete the vitrectomy with the operative time of 28-56 minutes (the mean of 37 minutes). The average time for the establishment of three access and closing was 84 s and 32 s respectively.②The average preoperative intraocular pressure was 16.4 mm Hg,comparing with 13.5,15.5,17.9 mm Hg at postoperative 1 day, 1 w and 1 m. ③Water leakage were found in 4 wounds of three patients after operation, 3 wounds were sealed after injecting 1-2 mL disinfected air into the eyes, the other one sutured with 6-0 absorbable suture.④The mean time of inpatients were 5 days postoperatively. The visual acuity improved in 14 patients by the average of three lines, amongst which visual acuity was found improved to above 0.8 in 5 patients and the visual distortion disappeared in 8 eyes and attenuated in 3 eyes. But still there were 2 cases without improvement. No surgical complications were noted and macular hole gained clinical sealing in totally 5 eyes.CONCLUSION: TSV25G system can simplify the surgical procedure with many other advantages such as decreasing the operation related injury and complications, as well as shortening operative time, which benefits the rapid rehabilitation.更多还原