【摘要】 以8个不同类型的超级小麦新品种(系)为材料,研究了不同土壤肥力条件下3种类型超级小麦的产量构成因素变化及其对籽粒产量的相关分析和通径分析。结果表明,在高肥地力下,大穗型品种和中间型品种的产量高于多穗型品种;而中、低肥力下,多穗型品种的产量又显著高于大穗型品种。在本试验条件下,大穗型和多穗型品种的穗数、穗粒数和千粒重之间大多数存在着负相关关系,但中间型品种的产量构成因素间均为正相关,与产量的相关性也比其他类型大;偏相关分析表明,所有供试品种、多穗型、中间型和大穗型品种的穗数每增加1个单位(万穗),产量分别增加15.51、13.401、6.90和19.34 kg;穗粒数每增加1个单位(粒),产量分别增加233.153、53.861、89.22和203.90 kg;千粒重每增加1个单位(g),产量分别增加151.08、157.61、157.05和147.89 kg。通径分析表明,所有品种产量三因素对产量都有正向效应,其中穗数对产量的贡献最大;不仅多穗型品种首先必须依靠穗数,而且大穗型品种也必须在一定穗数基础上才能有更大的突破。大穗品种和多穗品种产量构成因素对产量的间接通径系数既有负值也有正值,而中间类型品种的间接通径系数均为正值,说明中间型品种产量三因素间相互协调、平衡发展且都还有提高的潜力。总之,在中等肥力下,小麦的高产栽培选择多穗型品种较为稳定;在高肥条件下,大穗型品种则具有更高产量潜力,中间型品种则是今后超级小麦育种最值得注意的类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to meet the future demands for wheat consumption due to population increase and economic development,the total wheat production in China must be largely increased.Moreover,the irrigation water and the cultivated land for wheat production can not be increased.Therefore,it is very important to breed and cultivate new wheat cultivars with high yield potential.The "Super Wheat Breeding Project" funded by the Government of Shandong Province in 2001 and the Ministry of Agriculture in 2005 was carried out,and some new cultivars with yield of 9.75 t/ha were created.To grow these high-yielding cultivars optionally in wheat production,we conducted the experiments to investigate the effects of the yield components under different soil fertilizer levels,using 8 super wheat cultivars with different types.The results indicated that the grain yield of big-spike and mid-spike cultivars was higher than that of the poly-spike cultivars in high fertile soil,while the yield of the poly-spike cultivars was higher than that of the big-spike cultivars in mid and low fertile soil.Among fertile ears per hectare,grains per ear and 1000-grain weight,there were negative correlations in most cultivars with big and poly-spikes and positive correlations in mid-spike cultivars.The gain yield of all cultivars,poly-spike,mid-spike and big-spike cultivars would be increased by 15.51,13.40,16.90 and 19.34 kg respectively when the ear number was plus 10~4 per hectare promoted 10~4 ears,or 233.15,353.86,189.22 and 203.9 kg respectively when the grain number was plus 1 per ears promoted grain,or 151.08,157.61,157.05 and 147.8 kg respectively when the 1000-grain weight increased 1 g promoted.There were positively direct path coefficients for three yield components to yield,among them the contribution of the ears per hectare was the largest.Not only poly-spike but also big-spike cultivars depended on sufficient ears to achieve high yield.The indirect path coefficients were negative or positive in big-spike and poly-spike cultivars.But in mid-spike cultivars,the indirect path coefficients were all positive,indicating the coordinative and balanced development and the potential of increment for three yield components.Therefore,it is suggested to grow the poly-spike cultivars in middle and infertile soils and the big-spike cultivars in fertile soil.The mid-spike cultivar for super wheat breeding in the future should be aroused more attention.更多还原