【摘要】 采用自行设计的直流氢电弧等离子体蒸发设备,通过正交试验,系统研究了H2/Ar、电流和压力对纳米Ni粉和Cu粉制备产率、结构及粒度的影响。发现:(1)该设备能够制备出纳米级的Ni粉和Cu粉,且产率有了很大的提高,Ni粉最大产率提高了24倍,Cu粉的最大产率提高了203.7倍;(2)各因素对两种粉体制备产率影响的显著性顺序为:φ(H2)/φ(Ar)-电流-压力;对Ni粉平均粒径影响的显著性顺序为:φ(H2)/φ(Ar)-压力-电流;对Cu粉平均粒径影响的显著性顺序则为:压力-φ(H2)/φ(Ar)-电流;(3)所制备的纳米Ni粉和Cu粉为多晶型;Ni粉的平均粒径在20～65nm范围内;Cu粉平均粒径为23～141nm;制备的Ni粉中不含杂质,纯净度很高,但是Cu粉中含有一定量的CuO杂质;(4)设备内腔的冷却环境对控制极大粒度粉体的生成和粉体粒度分布具有重要影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 We have developed a direct-current H electric arc plasma device to systematically research the effects of H/Ar ratio, electric current and pressure on the production rate, structure and spheroidalization of nano-Ni powder and nano-Cu powder by orthogonal testing. The results show that the device not only can prepare nano-Ni powder and nano-Cu powder but also can greatly raise the product rate, where maximum product rate is increased by 24 times for Ni powder and by 203.7 times for Cu powder. Significant orders influencing product rate of two powder is H2/Ar ratio, then current, then pressure, and orders influencing average diameters of Ni powder is H2/Ar, then pressure, then current, and orders influencing average diameters of Cu powder is pressure, then H2/Ar, then current. Both prepared nano-Ni powder ranging in 20~65 nm in average diameter and nano-Cu powder ranging in 23~141 nm in average diameter are polygonal crystal, where impurities is absent in prepared Ni powder and there exists CuO in prepared Cu powder. Cooling condition in cavity of the device has the important effects on formation and distribution of powder.更多还原