【摘要】 城市大气总悬浮颗粒物是造成全球大部分城市空气污染严重的原因之一,世界各国对之已进行过很多的研究。大量的研究显示,总悬浮颗粒物的污染非常严重,是影响城市空气质量的首要污染物。总悬浮颗粒物的源以人为来源为主,其汇则以湿沉降为主。总悬浮颗粒物对城市气候的影响主要通过2种方式:一种是通过散射或吸收太阳辐射直接影响气候;另一种是以云凝结核的形式改变云的光学特性和云的分布而间接影响气候。但是总悬浮颗粒物与城市热岛相互关系的研究目前还未受到应有的关注,总悬浮颗粒物与城市热岛的相互作用尚未有定论,总悬浮颗粒物既有促进城市热岛形成,也有促进城市冷岛形成的研究报道。文章认为可从如下3个方面探讨总悬浮颗粒物与城市热岛的相互关系:(1)总悬浮颗粒物在城市热岛中的贡献;(2)总悬浮颗粒物影响城市热岛的作用机理;(3)总悬浮颗粒物与城市植被和城市热岛的相互关系及植被对总悬浮颗粒物的净化、对城市热岛的缓解。研究总悬浮颗粒物与城市热岛的相互关系为制定科学合理的城市大气总悬浮颗粒物污染防治措施,有效缓解现代城市热岛难题提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although many researches have been conducted to capture the influence of TSP on air pollution in cities and human health around the world, the results from recent several decades have revealed that relationships between TSP and UHI were still neglected unfortunately. According to the results of many researches, the problem caused by TSP is very serious around the world, and TSP is the chief pollutant affecting the urban atmospheric quality. Studies have shown that the anthropogenic sources occupied the dominant position in the source of TSP, and wet depositions occupied the main body in the deposition of TSP. Effects of TSP on urban climatic change are mainly done by two ways, One is direct influence by scattering or solar radiation, and another is indirect influence by changing the optical characteristics and spatial and temporal distributions of cloud in the form of cloud condensation nuclei. Some researches reveal TSP improved the development of UHI, others results proved that TSP enhanced the growth of urban cold island. Therefore, the relation between TSP and UHI is still not clear. Three points of studies on the relationships between TSP and UHI for future researches were also discussed. There are (1) the contribution of TSP on UHI, (2) the ecological process and the interaction mechanism of TSP, and (3) the influence of urban greenland system on TSP and UHI, especially on the air purification and adsorption by urban vegetation and reducing of UHI. Re- searches conducting on the relationship between TSP and HUI should be the basis on scientific and rational alleviatory measures of the pollution of TSP and UHI.更多还原