【摘要】 正确评估疼痛是有效镇痛的关键,主要有三方面评估:自我描述、生物学评估和行为学评估。根据不同年龄段分别阐述具体的评估方法:1.新生儿、婴儿和幼儿:观察疼痛分级评分法、FLACC评分法和面部表情评分;2.学龄前儿童:视觉模拟评分。评估应有规律重复进行,定时记录镇痛效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore a technical modification by transperineal Da-W anorectoplasty(Da-W ARP) on treating low,intermediate anorectal anomalies(AA) and to evaluate the results of long-term follow up.Methods Forty-six cases of AA underwent a Da-W ARP,which involved preservation of the rectal end of the fistula and invagination of the perineal skin flap through the neoanus.The clinical records were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.Results The median follow-up period was 7 years and 2 months.All of them achieved a good fecal continence exception of 1 patient with intermediate AA and associated anomaly,had fair result.Conclusions The Da-W ARP is relatively simple and practical methods for surgical treatment of low,intermediate AA,with good long-term results.更多还原