【摘要】 神舟三号飞船搭载带核径迹辐射探测器的水稻种子装置,回收后应用随机扩增多态性DNA(randomamplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术,分析了201粒升空种子长出植株的基因组多态性。在检测的189个基因座位范围内,30.2%的植株中发现与地面对照不同的扩增带,单株的多态性座位数为1￣25。特异扩增带的测序及单核苷酸多态性(single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)分析进一步证明了空间搭载水稻种子确实可导致当代植株基因组发生变异。同一技术分析个别种子连续世代的基因组多态性,结果显示,当代的部分多态性可遗传至后代。7粒受空间高原子序数、高能粒子轰击的种子,在当代植株均显示不同程度的基因组多态性,从胚受粒子击中的3粒种子后代中,筛选出农艺性状明显变异的突变株系,初步暗示了空间高能重离子辐射对诱导基因组的多态性,乃至遗传性表型变异的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dry rice(Oryza sativa,subspecies indica) seeds,sandwiched between nuclear track detectors aboard Shenzhou 3,the Chinese spaceship for 7 days,were recovered,and the genomic polymorphism in 201 plants developed from these seeds were investigated with RAPD analysis.When comparing with plants from ground control seeds,the genomic polymorphic bands were amplified in 30.2% of the plants from flown seeds,and the results from sequencing and SNP analysis of the polymorphic bands verified the single nucleotide variations in these plants.The genomic polymorphisms in the consecutive generations of individual plants from flown seeds were also discovered.Seven seeds receiving hits of HZE(high atomic number,high energy) particles from space were selected for further analysis,and variant genomic polymorphisms were detected in all plants developed from these seeds.Among them,the embryos of three seeds were hit at least once,and mutants with significant changes in agronomic traits were only found from later generations of these seeds.This result implies that the HZE particles of space are effective in inducing the changes of plant genome,and mutation in inherited phenotypes.更多还原