【摘要】 本研究应用联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际动物遗传学会(ISAG)推荐的10对微卫星引物,结合荧光–多重PCR技术,检测了10个中国地方黄牛品种和3个外来牛品种的基因型。通过计算基因频率、多态信息含量和遗传杂合度,以Nei’s遗传距离和Nei’s标准遗传距离为基础,采用非加权组对算术平均聚类法构建了聚类图,分析了13个牛品种的群体内遗传变异和群体间遗传关系。并以聚类分析和群体结构分析为基础,将13个中外黄牛品种分为三类:Ⅰ类属于普通黄牛品种,包括延边牛、沿江牛、长白地方牛、蒙古牛、阿勒泰白头牛、哈萨克牛、复州牛和西藏牛;Ⅱ类属于含有瘤牛血统的黄牛品种,包括日喀则驼峰牛和阿沛甲咂牛;Ⅲ类属于外来牛品种,包括德国黄牛、西门塔尔牛和夏洛来牛。研究结果为加强我国地方黄牛品种种质特性研究以及地方牛品种资源的保护与利用提供了科学的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The genotypes of 10 indigenous Chinese cattle breeds and three introduced breeds were investi-gated using 10 microsatellite DNA markers recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) through fluores-cence-multiplex PCR. The allele frequency, polymorphism information content (PIC), and heterozygosity were computed to estimate the genetic variation of each population. To determine the genetic relationships among the breeds, phylogenetic trees were constructed based on Nei’s genetic distance and Nei’s standard genetic distance using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean. As a result, 13 breeds were clustered into three groups. The first group belongs to the common cattle breeds including Yanbian, Chang-bai, Yanjiang, Monggol, Altay White Head, Hazake, Fuzhou, and Tibetan, while the second group contains those with zebu blood including Xigazê Humped and Apeijiaza. The third group consists of foreign breeds including German Yellow, Simmental, and Charolai. The results may provide a scientific basis for the study of characteristics of Chinese indigenous cattle breeds so as to preserve and utilize them.更多还原