【摘要】 香港米埔湿地以红树植物为主要植物群落,是热带、亚热带海岸典型的湿地类型,它能够提供给人类包括物质和服务在内的各项生态服务。运用多种生态经济学方法,包括市场价格法、重置成本法、旅游费用法和问卷调查法等,评估香港米埔红树林湿地的生态功能价值;总价值包括使用价值和非使用价值,使用价值包括物质生产、调节大气组分、净化水体、旅游、文化教育等,非使用价值主要指红树林湿地的存在价值。最终得到香港米埔红树林湿地2003年实现的生态功能价值为HK|S 208.79×106,探讨了现在估算过程中存在的不足,并对今后的估算研究提出了合理性建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees or shrubs found along low-energy,tidal shorelines in tropical and subtropical areas.Mangrove marsh,including mangrove communities and their habitats,support a variety of forage resources for commercially and recreationally important birds,fishes and invertebrates.They also provide a wide range of ecological services such as purification of polluted gulf waters,protection against floods and hurricanes,reduction of shoreline and riverbank erosion,control of air components,and maintenance of biodiversity.These services enable,promote,and sustain economic activities in coastal areas throughout the tropics and subtropics.However,the economic value of natural products and ecosystem services generated by mangrove forests is generally underestimated.As a consequence,the deforestation rate of mangrove forests is rising rapidly due to large-scale development activities such as agriculture,aquaculture,forestry,salt extraction and infrastructure.This makes the evaluation of the ecologic services value of mangroves extremely important.MaiPo marsh is the largest remaining and most important wetland in Hong Kong.This paper applies a suite of ecological economic methods,including marketing price method,shadow price method,substitute method,fuzzy mathematics method,and questionnaire investigation method,to evaluate the ecologic services value of the MaiPo marsh.Since it is not possible to place a monetary value on all relevant services,this paper considers the most important services: material output,control of air components,sewage purification,tourism and education function,and maintenance of biodiversity.Evaluation of the results show that material output is valued at HKD|S11.38×10~6;control of air components is valued at HKD|S14.54×10~6;sewage purification is valued at HKD|S141.9×10~6;tourism and education is valued at HKD|S 23.37×10~6;and maintenance of biodiversity is valued at HKD|S 8.05×10~6.The total ecologic services value of the Mai Po marsh in 2003 is HKD|S208.79×10~6.The paper also discusses briefly the shortcomings of present economic valuation methods and suggests improving future studies by increasing ecological knowledge and advancing monetary valuation methods.更多还原