【摘要】 针对美国出口管制与中美贸易平衡问题,作者认为:美国出口管制目标复杂,近年来从国际和国内两个层面强化了出口管制体系。美国出口管制政策标准可概括为:是否涉及敏感技术和武器出口而危及美国国家安全,是否影响到美国战略目标和外部政策目标,是否影响到美国经济利益,是否允许美国对其先进技术出口进行终端使用情况检查。1989年之后,美国对华实施贸易制裁和技术禁运,加强了对华高技术产品出口管制,这些限制措施加剧了中美贸易失衡。无论从中美高技术产品贸易总量还是从具体产品分类来看,近年来美国对华高技术产品贸易确实存在着出口管制错位问题,这直接阻碍美国对华高技术产品出口,加剧了中美贸易失衡。近年来中国对美高新技术产品贸易出现巨额顺差也证实了这一点。更多还原

【Abstract】 With regard to U.S. export controls and the issue of the Sino-U.S. trade balance, the author raises four points. First, the objects under U.S. export controls are complex. In recent years, the United States has enforced its export control system at both the international and domestic levels. Second, the standards for U.S. export control policy can be generalized as to whether sensitive technology and weapons that might endanger U.S. national security are involved, whether strategic and foreign policy goals are affected, whether economic interests are affected, and whether the United States is allowed to check information on the end-use of the advanced technology exports. Third, after 1989, the United States imposed trade sanctions and technology prohibitions on China, and enforced export controls on high-tech products to China. These restrictive measures intensified Sino-U.S. trade imbalances. Fourth, whether in terms of the total volume of high-tech products or in terms of specific product categories, there was a mismatch of export controls on U.S. high-tech exports to China, which directly restricted exports of high-tech products to China, thereby exacerbating the imba￣lances. China’s recent large trade surplus in advanced high-tech products with the United States confirms this point.更多还原