【摘要】 目的评价某铸造造型作业提举活动的腰骶受力及提举负荷、速度和姿势对它的影响。方法10名健康男性志愿者于实验室模拟某造型作业提举参数,分别以对称性常速屈膝、常速屈背和快速屈膝进行100、200和300N三种负荷的9种提举活动,采用运动分析系统实时采集运动学和动力学数据,以人体5环节链模型和动力反推法计算腰骶关节峰值受力和力矩大小。结果提举时间和运动学特征与所限定提举活动相对应。腰骶受力与地面反应力趋势一致,与提举负荷和速度显著相关;负荷增加200N,受力增加12%,快速比常速增加受力约10%。9种提举方式中,以快速屈膝提举300N负荷时的腰骶受力(1222.3±212.6)N和力矩(512.0±36.0)Nm最大,分别比常速屈背提举高23%(995.9±160.8)N和54%(333.4±73.4)Nm。结论模拟铸造造型提举作业导致腰骶最大受力达限值(3430N)的1/3以上,快速提举导致的腰骶受力增加,相当于增加200N提举负荷。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose To evaluate the force at lumbar L5/S1 joint of molding workers′ lifting and its affective factors at various lifting loads, speeds and postures. Methods Ten male healthy volunteers were enrolled to simulate a lifting task of the molding process in a biomechanical laboratory. Each subject performed 9 lifts, i.e., lifting 100, 200 and 300 N loads in normal speed with knee flexion, normal speed with back flexion and fast speed with knee flexion, respectively. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected by 3D motion analysis system to calculate peak forces and moments at lumbar L5/S1 joint by inverse dynamics method using 5 linked segment dynamic model. Results Lifting duration and kinetic data reflected various lifting task characteristics. Having same trends with ground reaction forces, forces at lumbar L5/S1 joint were significantly affected by lifting load and speed. A 12 elevation of force at Lumbar L1/S5 joint was induced by 200N load increased and 10 elevation by a faster speed versus normal speed. Among 9 lifts, the highest force (1222.3±212.6)N and moment (512.0±36.0)Nm were all found in the lift of 300N in a faster speed with knee flexion, which was 23 (995.9±160.8)N and 54 (333.4±73.4)Nm higher than those of 100N in normal speed with knee flexion. Conclusions The maximum force at lumbar L1/S5 joint by simulating molding lifting task surpassed one third of the limit (3 430 N), the elevation of force by a lifting task at a faster speed lifting is approximately equivalent to a 200 N lifting loads increased.更多还原