【摘要】 目的了解疫源地的现状、空间结构、性质、主要宿主和媒介与病原体的关系,确正IHA检出阳性血清的特异性和鼠疫菌突变的生物学特性。方法流行病学抽样调查和监测,宿主对鼠疫菌的敏感性和感受性试验,鼠疫菌突变试验,血清学IHA、RIP的特异性试验,蚤传播能力试验。结果雷州半岛1950～1951年检鼠疫患者314份,分离到鼠疫菌91株,检蚤118只分离至4株,检鼠和臭鼩鼱1830份分离108株、镜检鼠和臭鼩鼱3668份,阳性53份;1952年镜检鼠和臭鼩鼱12063份,阳性58份;1953～2005年镜检和培养鼠和臭鼩鼱575768份,蚤5300只,均未检到菌;1973～1988年用IHA检鼠和臭鼩鼱血清89092份,阳性40份,RIP检5247份,阳性2份,RIHA检鼠脏器2050份阳性3份;1989～2005年IHA检98906份,RIP检5686份均为阴性。非疫区1957～2005年检鼠和臭鼩鼱27227份和蚤3809只均未检到菌,IHA检鼠类血清9241份和RIP检6727份全为阴性。结论雷州半岛是黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地,黄胸鼠是主要宿主,褐家鼠和臭鼩鼱、小家鼠是间接宿主,黄毛鼠对鼠疫菌极敏感,印鼠客蚤是主要媒介,伍氏病蚤传播能力与印鼠客蚤相当、穗缘端蚤较弱,50年代初是流行末期、70年代至80年代是迁延期、90年代至2005年是静息期。用四个实验结果证实血清学检出的F1抗体和F1抗原,皆有很好特异性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the present stage, character of the plague and relationship between host, vector and pathogen in the plaque originated areas, and to confirm the specificity of IHA and biological properties of plague strain mutation. Methods Epidemiological data were collected. Sensitivity and susceptibility tests of hosts, mutation test of plague strains,specificity of IHA and RIP, and spread ability of fleas were performed. Results From 1950 to 1951, 91 plague strains were isolated from 314 patient sera, 4 strains from 118 fleas, 108 strains from 1 830 rats and Suneus murinus. 53 positive samples were found in 3 668 rats and Suneus murinus under microscope.In 1952,58 positive samples from 12 063 rats and Suneus murinus were detected by microscope. From 1953 to 2005, 575 768 rats and Suneus murinus,and 5 300 fleas were tested negative by microscope. From 1973 to 1988, 40 positive samples were tested from 89 092 rats and Suneus murinus sera by IHA. Two samples were tested positive from 5 247 samples by RIP and three positive samples were found from 2 050 rat viscera by RIHA. From 1989 to 2005, 98 906 samples were tested negative by IHA, and 5 686 samples tested negative by RIP. In non-epidemic areas, 27 227 rats, Suneus murinus and 3 809 fleas were tested negative. 9 241 and 6 727 rat sera were tested negative by IHA and RIP, respectively. Conclusion Leizhou peninsula belongs to one of the plague focuses. Rattus flavipectus is the main host, while Rattus norvegicus,Suneus murinus and Mus musculus are intermediate hosts. Xenopsylla cheopis is main media.更多还原